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Streszczenie:
W niniejszym artykule zostały przedstawione nowe wyniki modelowania procesu spiekania metodą elementów dyskretnych. W sformułowaniu teoretycznym dla części sprężystej zastosowano model kontaktu Hertza w celu lepszego odwzorowania oddziaływania elementów kulistych w trakcie prasowania. Sformułowanie i implementację modelu rozszerzono na przypadek spiekania materiałów dwufazowych. Na podstawie badań literaturowych wyznaczono parametry materiałowe procesu, które zostały następnie zweryfikowane za pomocą wyników eksperymentalnych. Wyniki numeryczne ewolucji gęstości próbki porównano z wynikami doświadczalnymi otrzymując dużą zgodność.

Słowa kluczowe:
materiały dwufazowe, metalurgia proszków, spiekanie, metoda elementów dyskretnych

Streszczenie:
This paper presents numerical modelling of powder sintering. The numerical model introduced in this work employs the discrete element method which assumes that material can be modelled by a large assembly of discrete elements (particles) of spherical shape interacting among one another. Modelling of sintering requires introduction of the cohesive interaction among particles representing inter-particle sintering forces. Numerical studies of sintering have been supplemented with experimental studies which provided data for calibration and validation of the model. In the laboratory tests evolution of microstructure and density during sintering have been studied. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows a good performance of the numerical model developed.

Słowa kluczowe:
powder sintering, powder metallurgy, simulation, discrete element method

Streszczenie:
Heat transfer by conduction is involved in the use of heat sinks dissipitating heat from electronic devices. Effective transfer of heat requires using materials of high thermal conductivity. In addition, it requires appropriate values of thermal expansion, matched to the semiconductor materials, high purity of materials used and good contact between bonded elements across which heat transfer occurs. The conventional materials are not able to fulfil still raising and complex requirements. The solutions of this problem could be using the composites materials, where the combinations of different properties is possible to use. This study presents the technological tests and the analysis of correlation between processing parameters and the properties of copperaluminium nitride composites. Composite materials were obtained by mixing in planetary ball mill and then densified using the sintering under pressure or hot pressing method. The microstructure of obtained composite materials using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were analyzed. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity (TC) were investigated depending on the process conditions

Słowa kluczowe:
Composite Material, Hot-Pressing, Sintering, Thermal Conductivity (TC), Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Expansion Coefficient

Streszczenie:
This work is focused on the modeling of thermal stresses induced during the fabrication of the metal/ceramic composites. On example of Cr-Al2O3 composite processed by powder metallurgy, thermal stresses after fabrication are determined by FEM model for different contents of metal and ceramic phases. Numerical model of microcracking induced by thermal stresses is then proposed and applied to compute the overall elastic properties of the damaged composite. Comparison of the model predictions with the measur ed data for Young's modulus is presented.

Słowa kluczowe:
Cr-Al2O3 composite, mechanical properties, thermal stress modeling, microcracking, Young’s modulus modeling

Streszczenie:
The development of technologies for joining advanced materials is connected with an introduction of new materials and new applications of their bonds, to work in ever more difficult conditions. One of possibilities of obtaining this type of joints is using the friction welding technique. This paper presents the results of joining intermetallics (Fe-Al and Ni-Al type) with steel (S235JR) and ceramics (Al2O3) using friction welding technique. The focus of the investigations was selecting: appropriate rotational speed (10000-25000rpm) of joining elements, welding pressure and time (1500-4500ms) of its application and swelling time (1000-7000ms). The paper presents the results of microstructure investigations, investigations of microhardness (perpendicularly to joint surface) and mechanical properties (tensile strength).

Słowa kluczowe:
friction welding, intermetallics, microstructure of joints, microhardness, tensile strength

Streszczenie:
Alumina/copper composites have been used where high thermal conductivity, high absorption and dissipation of heat, high resistance to thermal fatigue and good frictional wear resistance are required. This kind of composites may be applied in medicine, electronic and automotive industry. Both the physical and mechanical properties of this type of composites are strongly influenced by the properties of its individual constituents and, also, by the properties of interface layer between ceramic and metal. One of the solution, from the point of view of the best properties’ achievements (especially thermal, structural and shape stability), is the production of ceramic-metal composites with interpenetrating networks structure. They can be produced using porous alumina performs, which are infiltrated (pressure or pressureless) by molten metal or sintered with metallic powders. The subject of the presented paper is the development of the interpenetrating network Al2O3-Cu composites, processed by sintering porous ceramic perform (85 and 90% porosity) with copper powder. The paper presents the new developed technology, results of microstructure investigations, measurements of the selected physical and mechanical properties and the analysis of the influence of the processing conditions on the properties and interface morphology between ceramic and copper

Streszczenie:
W artykule przedstawiono badania doświadczalne oraz modelowanie numeryczne procesu spiekania proszków metalicznych. W części eksperymentalnej pracy badano ewolucję mikrostruktury oraz gęstości spieku w trakcie procesu spiekania. Jako metodę modelowania wybrano metodę elementów dyskretnych, w której zakłada się, że materiał jest reprezentowany przez liczny zbiór elementów dyskretnych (cząstek) o kształcie sferycznym oddziałujących między sobą. Modelowanie spiekania wymaga wprowadzenia oddziaływania kohezyjnego między cząstkami reprezentującego naprężenia powstające między ziarnami w trakcie spiekania. W artykule przedstawiono wstępne wyniki numeryczne pokazujące ewolucję naprężenia w trakcie spiekania między dwoma ziarnami spiekanego proszku.

Słowa kluczowe:
spiekanie, metalurgia proszków, związki międzymetaliczne, modelowanie, metoda elementów dyskretnych