Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki
Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Pracownicy

dr hab. Piotr Korczyk

Zakład Biosystemów i Miękkiej Materii (ZBiMM)
Pracownia Modelowania w Biologii i Medycynie (PMBM)
stanowisko: profesor instytutu
Zastępca Kierownika Zakładu
telefon: (+48) 22 826 12 81 wewn.: 413
pokój: 312
e-mail:
ORCID: 0000-0002-5445-7933
strona www: http://pmbm.ippt.pan.pl/web/Piotr_Korczyk

Doktorat
2008-11-27 Drobnoskalowa turbulencja w procesie mieszania chmury z otoczeniem - model laboratoryjny 
promotor -- prof. dr hab. Tomasz Kowalewski, IPPT PAN
 
Habilitacja
2017-02-23 Mechaniczne podstawy zastosowania kropel jako mikroreaktorów chemicznych w pasywnych układach mikroprzepływowych 
Promotor prac doktorskich
1.  2023-12-01 Zaremba Damian   Sequential Logic and Iterative Systems in Droplet Microfluidics 

Ostatnie publikacje
1.  Rabcuka J., Smethurst P. A., Dammert K., Saker J., Aran G., Walsh G. M., Tan J. C. G., Codinach M., McTaggart K., Marks D. C., Bakker S. J. L., McMahon A., Di Angelantonio E., Roberts D. J., Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Shirakami A., Cardigan R., Swietach P., Assessing the kinetics of oxygen-unloading from red cells using FlowScore, a flow-cytometric proxy of the functional quality of blood, eBioMedicine, ISSN: 2352-3964, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105498, Vol.111, pp.105498-105498, 2025

Streszczenie:
Background
Metrics evaluating the functional quality of red blood cells (RBCs) must consider their role in oxygen delivery. Whereas oxygen-carrying capacity is routinely reported using haemoglobin assays, the rate of oxygen exchange is not measured, yet also important for tissue oxygenation. Since oxygen-unloading depends on the diffusion pathlength inside RBCs, cell geometry offers a plausible surrogate.
Methods
We related the time-constant of oxygen-unloading (τ), measured using single-cell oxygen saturation imaging, with flow-cytometric variables recorded on a haematology analyser. Experiments compared freshly-drawn RBCs with stored RBCs, wherein metabolic run-down and spherical remodelling hinder oxygen unloading.
Findings
Multivariable regression related τ to a ratio of side- and forward-scatter, referred to herein as FlowScore. FlowScore was able to distinguish, with sensitivity and specificity >80%, freshly drawn blood from blood that underwent storage-related kinetic attrition in O2-handling. Moreover, FlowScore predicted τ restoration upon biochemical rejuvenation of stored blood. Since RBC geometry and metabolic state are related, variants of FlowScore estimated [ATP] and [2,3-diphosphoglycerate]. The veracity of FlowScore was confirmed by four blood-banking systems (Australia, Canada, England, Spain). Applying FlowScore to data from the COMPARE study revealed a positive association with the time-delay from sample collection to measurement, which was verified experimentally. The LifeLines dataset revealed age, sex, and smoking among factors affecting FlowScore.
Interpretation
We establish FlowScore as a widely-accessible and cost-effective surrogate of RBC oxygen-unloading kinetics. As a metric of a cellular process that is sensitive to storage and disease, we propose FlowScore as an RBC quality marker for blood-banking and haematology.

Słowa kluczowe:
Haematology,Erythrocytes,Storage lesion,Assay,Oxygen transport,Transfusion

Afiliacje autorów:
Rabcuka J. - inna afiliacja
Smethurst P. A. - inna afiliacja
Dammert K. - inna afiliacja
Saker J. - inna afiliacja
Aran G. - inna afiliacja
Walsh G. M. - inna afiliacja
Tan J. C. G. - inna afiliacja
Codinach M. - inna afiliacja
McTaggart K. - inna afiliacja
Marks D. C. - inna afiliacja
Bakker S. J. L. - inna afiliacja
McMahon A. - inna afiliacja
Di Angelantonio E. - inna afiliacja
Roberts D. J. - inna afiliacja
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Shirakami A. - inna afiliacja
Cardigan R. - inna afiliacja
Swietach P. - inna afiliacja
140p.
2.  Dumbill R., Rabcuka J., Fallon J., Knight S., Hunter J., Voyce D., Barrett Jacob T., Ellen M., Weissenbacher A., Kurniawan T., Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Ploeg Rutger J., Coussios C., Friend P., Świętach P., Impaired O2 unloading from stored blood results in diffusion-limited O2 release at tissues: evidence from human kidneys, Blood, ISSN: 0006-4971, DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022385, Vol.143, No.8, pp.721-733, 2024

Streszczenie:
The volume of oxygen drawn from systemic capillaries down a partial pressure gradient is determined by the oxygen content of red blood cells (RBCs) and their oxygen-unloading kinetics, although the latter is assumed to be rapid and, therefore, not a meaningful factor. Under this paradigm, oxygen transfer to tissues is perfusion-limited. Consequently, clinical treatments to optimize oxygen delivery aim at improving blood flow and arterial oxygen content, rather than RBC oxygen-handling. Whilst the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is increased with transfusion, previous studies have shown that stored blood undergoes kinetic attrition of oxygen release, which may compromise overall oxygen delivery to tissues, i.e. transport became diffusion-limited. We sought evidence for diffusion-limited oxygen release in viable human kidneys normothermically perfused with stored blood. In a cohort of kidneys that went on to be transplanted, ex-vivo renal respiration correlated inversely with the time-constant of oxygen-unloading from RBCs used for perfusion. Furthermore, the renal respiratory rate did not correlate with arterial O2 delivery unless this factored the rate of oxygen-release from RBCs, as expected from diffusion-limited transport. In kidneys deemed unsuitable for transplantation, perfusion was alternated between stored and rejuvenated RBCs of the same donation to control oxygen-unloading without intervening ischemia and holding all non-RBC parameters constant. Rejuvenated oxygen-unloading kinetics reversibly improved the kidney's oxygen diffusion capacity and increased cortical oxygen partial pressure by 60%. Thus, oxygen delivery to tissues can become diffusion-limited during perfusion with stored blood, which has implications in scenarios such as ex-vivo organ perfusion, major hemorrhage, and pediatric transfusion.

Afiliacje autorów:
Dumbill R. - inna afiliacja
Rabcuka J. - inna afiliacja
Fallon J. - inna afiliacja
Knight S. - inna afiliacja
Hunter J. - inna afiliacja
Voyce D. - inna afiliacja
Barrett Jacob T. - inna afiliacja
Ellen M. - inna afiliacja
Weissenbacher A. - inna afiliacja
Kurniawan T. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Ploeg Rutger J. - inna afiliacja
Coussios C. - inna afiliacja
Friend P. - inna afiliacja
Świętach P. - inna afiliacja
200p.
3.  Kurniawan T., Sahebdivani M., Zaremba D., Błoński S., Garstecki P., van Steijn V., Korczyk P.M., Formation of droplets in microfluidic cross-junctions at small capillary numbers: Breakdown of the classical squeezing regime, Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1385-8947, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.145601, Vol.474, pp.14560-14560, 2023

Streszczenie:
Two decades of research on droplet formation in microchannels have led to the widely accepted view that droplets form through the squeezing mechanism when interfacial forces dominate over viscous forces. The initially surprising finding that the volume of the droplets is insensitive to the relative importance of these two forces is nowadays well understood from the constrained deformation of the droplet interface during formation. In this work, we show a lower limit of the squeezing mechanism for droplets produced in microfluidic cross-junctions. Below this limit, in the leaking regime, which was recently discovered for droplets produced in T-junctions, the volume of the produced droplets strongly depends on the relative importance of interfacial and viscous forces, as captured by the capillary number. We reveal a fundamental difference in the mechanisms at play in the leaking regime between T- and cross-junctions. In cross-junctions, the droplet neck elongates substantially, and unlike the case of the T-junction, the magnitude of this elongation depends strongly on the value of the capillary number. This elongation significantly affects the final droplet volume in a low capillary number regime. Generalizing the classical squeezing law by lifting the original assumptions and incorporating both identified mechanisms of leaking through gutters and neck elongation, we derive a model for droplet formation and show that it agrees with our experiments.

Słowa kluczowe:
Microfluidics,Cross-junction,Flow-focusing device,Droplet formation,Two-phase flow,Scaling law,Squeezing regime

Afiliacje autorów:
Kurniawan T. - IPPT PAN
Sahebdivani M. - inna afiliacja
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
van Steijn V. - Delft University of Technology (NL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
200p.
4.  Zaremba D., Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Concentration on demand – a microfluidic system for precise adjustment of the content of single droplets, Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1385-8947, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132935, Vol.430, No.3, pp.132935-1-16, 2022

Streszczenie:
We present a novel microfluidic system that produces the required concentration of a reagent in a single droplet or that produces a sequence of droplets with a defined periodic distribution of concentrations. We use digital algorithms that, through a series of simple operations, such as merging and splitting droplets, ensure superior precision, repeatability and flexibility in concentration setting. Unlike Digital microfluidic (DMF) systems based on electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) commonly used to implement digital algorithms in the droplet world, our approach is based on much more available channel-based microfluidics operated by programmable syringe pumps. Furthermore, the small footprint of our system makes it easy to integrate with other structures of microfluidic networks. Thus, this technique is a comprehensive component that can be built into the microfluidic networks executing laboratory analytical tasks in chemistry or biology to enrich their performance and offer new functionalities.

Słowa kluczowe:
droplet-based microfluidics, microfluidic traps, droplet manipulation, concentration tuning, concentration gradient

Afiliacje autorów:
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
200p.
5.  Rabcuka J., Błoński S., Meli A., Sowemimo-Coker S., Zaremba D., Stephenson D., Dzieciatkowska M., Nerguizian D., Cardigan R., Korczyk P.M., Smethurst P.A., D’Alessandro A., Swietach P., Metabolic reprogramming under hypoxic storage preserves faster oxygen unloading from stored red blood cells, Blood Advances, ISSN: 2473-9529, DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007774, Vol.6, No.18, pp.5415-5428, 2022

Streszczenie:
Stored red blood cells (RBCs) incur biochemical and morphological changes, collectively termed the storage lesion. Functionally, the storage lesion manifests as slower oxygen unloading from RBCs, which may compromise the efficacy of transfusions where the clinical imperative is to rapidly boost oxygen delivery to tissues. Recent analysis of large real-world data linked longer storage with increased recipient mortality. Biochemical rejuvenation with a formulation of adenosine, inosine, and pyruvate can restore gas-handling properties, but its implementation is impractical for most clinical scenarios. We tested whether storage under hypoxia, previously shown to slow biochemical degradation, also preserves gas-handling properties of RBCs. A microfluidic chamber, designed to rapidly switch between oxygenated and anoxic superfusates, was used for single-cell oxygen saturation imaging on samples stored for up to 49 days. Aliquots were also analyzed flow cytometrically for side-scatter (a proposed proxy of O2 unloading kinetics), metabolomics, lipidomics, and redox proteomics. For benchmarking, units were biochemically rejuvenated at 4 weeks of standard storage. Hypoxic storage hastened O2 unloading in units stored to 35 days, an effect that correlated with side-scatter but was not linked to posttranslational modifications of hemoglobin. Although hypoxic storage and rejuvenation produced distinct biochemical changes, a subset of metabolites including pyruvate, sedoheptulose 1-phosphate, and 2/3 phospho-d-glycerate, was a common signature that correlated with changes in O2 unloading. Correlations between gas handling and lipidomic changes were modest. Thus, hypoxic storage of RBCs preserves key metabolic pathways and O2 exchange properties, thereby improving the functional quality of blood products and potentially influencing transfusion outcomes.

Słowa kluczowe:
hypoxia, Hemanext, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, oxidative stress, microfluidics

Afiliacje autorów:
Rabcuka J. - inna afiliacja
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Meli A. - inna afiliacja
Sowemimo-Coker S. - inna afiliacja
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Stephenson D. - inna afiliacja
Dzieciatkowska M. - inna afiliacja
Nerguizian D. - inna afiliacja
Cardigan R. - inna afiliacja
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Smethurst P.A. - inna afiliacja
D’Alessandro A. - inna afiliacja
Swietach P. - inna afiliacja
40p.
6.  Błoński S., Aureille J., Badawi S., Zaremba D., Pernet L., Grichine A., Fraboulet S., Korczyk P.M., Recho P., Guilluy Ch., Dolega M.E., Direction of epithelial folding defines impact of mechanical forces on epithelial state, Developmental Cell, ISSN: 1534-5807, DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.008, Vol.56, pp.3222-3234, 2021

Streszczenie:
Cell shape dynamics during development is tightly regulated and coordinated with cell fate determination. Triggered by an interplay between biochemical and mechanical signals, epithelia form complex tissues by undergoing coordinated cell shape changes, but how such spatiotemporal coordination is controlled remains an open question. To dissect biochemical signaling from purely mechanical cues, we developed a microfluidic system that experimentally triggers epithelial folding to recapitulate stereotypic deformations observed in vivo. Using this system, we observe that the apical or basal direction of folding results in strikingly different mechanical states at the fold boundary, where the balance between tissue tension and torque (arising from the imposed curvature) controls the spread of folding-induced calcium waves at a short timescale and induces spatial patterns of gene expression at longer timescales. Our work uncovers that folding-associated gradients of cell shape and their resulting mechanical stresses direct spatially distinct biochemical responses within the monolayer.

Słowa kluczowe:
epithelial morphogenesis, epithelial folding, tension, calcium waves, microfluidics, RNAseq

Afiliacje autorów:
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Aureille J. - inna afiliacja
Badawi S. - inna afiliacja
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Pernet L. - inna afiliacja
Grichine A. - inna afiliacja
Fraboulet S. - inna afiliacja
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Recho P. - inna afiliacja
Guilluy Ch. - inna afiliacja
Dolega M.E. - Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
200p.
7.  Zaremba D., Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Integration of capillary–hydrodynamic logic circuitries for built-in control over multiple droplets in microfluidic networks, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/D0LC00900H, Vol.21, No.9, pp.1771-1778, 2021

Streszczenie:
Here, we show the successful implementation of advanced sequential logic in droplet microfluidics, whose principles rely on capillary wells establishing stationary states, where droplets can communicate remotely via pressure impulses, influencing each other and switching the device states. All logic operations perform spontaneously due to the utilization of nothing more than capillary–hydrodynamic interactions, inherent for the confined biphasic flow. Our approach offers integration feasibility allowing to encode unprecedentedly long algorithms, e.g., 1000-droplet counting. This work has the potential for the advancement of liquid computers and thereby could participate in the development of the next generation of portable microfluidic systems with embedded control, enabling applications from single-cell analysis and biochemical assays to materials science.

Afiliacje autorów:
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
140p.
8.  Błoński S., Zaremba D., Jachimek M., Jakiela S., Wacławczyk T., Korczyk P.M., Impact of inertia and channel angles on flow distribution in microfluidic junctions, MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS, ISSN: 1613-4982, DOI: 10.1007/s10404-020-2319-6, Vol.24, No.2, pp.14-1-15, 2020

Streszczenie:
In the present paper, we provide evidence of the vital impact of inertia on the flow in microfluidic networks, which is disclosed by the appearance of nonlinear velocity–pressure coupling. The experiments and numerical analysis of microfluidic junctions within the range of moderate Reynolds number (1 < Re < 250) revealed that inertial effects are of high relevance when Re > 10. Thus, our results estimate the applicability limit of the linear relationship between the flow rate and pressure drop in channels, commonly described by the so-called hydraulic resistance. Herein, we show that neglecting the nonlinear in their nature inertial effects can make such linear resistance-based approximation mistaken for the network operating beyond Re < 10. In the course of our research, we investigated the distribution of flows in connections of three channels in two flow modes. In the splitting mode, the flow from a common channel divides between two outputs, while in the merging mode, streams from two channels join together in a common duct. We tested a wide range of junction geometries characterized by parameters such as: (1) the angle between bifurcating channels (45°, 90°, 135° and 180°); (2) angle of the common channel relative to bifurcating channels (varied within the available range); (3) ratio of lengths of bifurcating channels (up to 8). The research revealed that the inertial effects strongly depend on angles between the channels. Additionally, we observed substantial differences between the distributions of flows in the splitting and merging modes in the same geometries, which reflects the non-reversibility of the motion of an inertial fluid. The promising aspect of our research is that for some combinations of both lengths and angles of the channels, the inertial contributions balance each other in such a way that the equations recover their linear character. In such an optimal configuration, the dependence on Reynolds number can be effectively mitigated.

Afiliacje autorów:
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Jachimek M. - inna afiliacja
Jakiela S. - inna afiliacja
Wacławczyk T. - Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
70p.
9.  Korczyk P.M., van Steijn V., Błoński S., Zaremba D., Beattie D.A., Garstecki P., Accounting for corner flow unifies the understanding of droplet formation in microfluidic channels, Nature Communications, ISSN: 2041-1723, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10505-5, Vol.10, No.1, pp.2528-1-9, 2019

Streszczenie:
While shear emulsification is a well understood industrial process, geometrical confinement in microfluidic systems introduces fascinating complexity, so far prohibiting complete understanding of droplet formation. The size of confined droplets is controlled by the ratio between shear and capillary forces when both are of the same order, in a regime known as jetting, while being surprisingly insensitive to this ratio when shear is orders of magnitude smaller than capillary forces, in a regime known as squeezing. Here, we reveal that further reduction of—already negligibly small—shear unexpectedly re-introduces the dependence of droplet size on shear/capillary-force ratio. For the first time we formally account for the flow around forming droplets, to predict and discover experimentally an additional regime—leaking. Our model predicts droplet size and characterizes the transitions from leaking into squeezing and from squeezing into jetting, unifying the description for confined droplet generation, and offering a practical guide for applications.

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
van Steijn V. - Delft University of Technology (NL)
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Beattie D.A. - University of South Australia (AU)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
200p.
10.  Zaremba D., Błoński S., Marijnissen M.J., Korczyk P.M., Fixing the direction of droplets in a bifurcating microfluidic junction, MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS, ISSN: 1613-4982, DOI: 10.1007/s10404-019-2218-x, Vol.23, pp.55-1-18, 2019

Streszczenie:
We present a novel type of microfluidic bifurcating junctions which fixes the droplet's route. Unlike in regular junctions, where a droplet chooses one of two outputs depending on the (often instantaneous) flow distribution, our modifications direct droplets only to one preferred outlet. As we show, this solution works properly regardless of the variations of flow distribution in a wide range of its amplitude. Such modified junctions allow for the encoding of the droplet's traffic in the geometry of the device. We compare in a series of experiments different junctions having channels of uniform square cross section. Our observations revealed that a small, local modification of the junction in the form of an additional shallow slit imposes a significant consequence for the flow of droplets at an entire microfluidic network's scale. Another interesting and helpful feature of these new junctions is that they keep the integrity of long droplets, unlike regular junctions, which tend to split long droplets. Our experimental investigations revealed a complex transformation of the long droplet during its transfer through the modified junction. We show that this transformation resembles the Baker's transform and can be used for the enhancement of mixing inside the droplets. Finally, we show two examples of microfluidic devices where the deterministic character of these modified junctions is utilized to obtain new, non-trivial functionalities. This approach can be used for the engineering of microfluidic devices with embedded procedures replacing active elements like valves or magnetic/electric fields.

Słowa kluczowe:
droplet, microfluidics, two-phase, manipulations

Afiliacje autorów:
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Marijnissen M.J. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
70p.
11.  Dębski P.R., Skłodowska K., Michalski J.A., Korczyk P.M., Dolata M., Jakiela S., Continuous Recirculation of Microdroplets in a Closed Loop Tailored for Screening of Bacteria Cultures, Micromachines, ISSN: 2072-666X, DOI: 10.3390/mi9090469, Vol.9, pp.1-11, 2018

Streszczenie:
Emerging microfluidic technology has introduced new precision controls over reaction conditions. Owing to the small amount of reagents, microfluidics significantly lowers the cost of carrying a single reaction. Moreover, in two-phase systems, each part of a dispersed fluid can be treated as an independent chemical reactor with a volume from femtoliters to microliters, increasing the throughput. In this work, we propose a microfluidic device that provides continuous recirculation of droplets in a closed loop, maintaining low consumption of oil phase, no cross-contamination, stabilized temperature, a constant condition of gas exchange, dynamic feedback control on droplet volume, and a real-time optical characterization of bacterial growth in a droplet. The channels (tubing) and junction cubes are made of Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) to ensure non-wetting conditions and to prevent the formation of biofilm, which is particularly crucial for biological experiments. We show the design and operation of a novel microfluidic loop with the circular motion of microdroplet reactors monitored with optical sensors and precision temperature controls. We have employed the proposed system for long term monitoring of bacterial growth during the antibiotic chloramphenicol treatment. The proposed system can find applications in a broad field of biomedical diagnostics and therapy.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidic loop, bacteria cultures, screening, antibiotic treatment, Escherichia coli

Afiliacje autorów:
Dębski P.R. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Skłodowska K. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Michalski J.A. - Politechnika Warszawska (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Dolata M. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Jakiela S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
30p.
12.  Skłodowska K., Dębski P.R., Michalski J.A., Korczyk P.M., Dolata M., Zając M., Jakiela S., Simultaneous Measurement of Viscosity and Optical Density of Bacterial Growth and Death in a Microdroplet, Micromachines, ISSN: 2072-666X, DOI: 10.3390/mi9050251, Vol.9, No.5, pp.1-13, 2018

Streszczenie:
Herein, we describe a novel method for the assessment of droplet viscosity moving inside microfluidic channels. The method allows for the monitoring of the rate of the continuous growth of bacterial culture. It is based on the analysis of the hydrodynamic resistance of a droplet that is present in a microfluidic channel, which affects its motion. As a result, we were able to observe and quantify the change in the viscosity of the dispersed phase that is caused by the increasing population of interacting bacteria inside a size-limited system. The technique allows for finding the correlation between the viscosity of the medium with a bacterial culture and its optical density. These features, together with the high precision of the measurement, make our viscometer a promising tool for various experiments in the field of analytical chemistry and microbiology, where the rigorous control of the conditions of the reaction and the monitoring of the size of bacterial culture are vital.

Słowa kluczowe:
droplet microfluidics, cell growth, viscosity, rheology, Escherichia coli

Afiliacje autorów:
Skłodowska K. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Dębski P.R. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Michalski J.A. - Politechnika Warszawska (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Dolata M. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Zając M. - Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
Jakiela S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
30p.
13.  Zaremba D., Błoński S., Jachimek M., Marijnissen M.J., Jakieła S., Korczyk P.M., Investigations of modular microfluidic geometries for passive manipulations on droplets, BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: TECHNICAL SCIENCES, ISSN: 0239-7528, DOI: 10.24425/119068, Vol.66, No.2, pp.139-149, 2018

Streszczenie:
Multiple pipetting is a standard laboratory procedure resulting in the compartmentalisation of a liquid sample. Microfluidics offers techniques which can replace this process by the use of tiny droplets. Passive manipulation on droplets is an interesting and promising approach for the design of microfluidic devices which on one hand are easy-to-use and on the other, execute complex laboratory procedures. We present a comprehensive study of the geometry of microfluidic components which encode different operations on droplets into the structure of the device. The understanding of hydrodynamic interactions between the continuous flow and a droplet travelling through confined space of nontrivial microfluidic geometries is crucial for a rational and efficient design of new generation of modular microfluidic processors with embedded instructions.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, two-phase flows, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Zaremba D. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Jachimek M. - inna afiliacja
Marijnissen M.J. - IPPT PAN
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
25p.
14.  Korczyk P.M., Dolega M.E., Jakieła S., Jankowski P., Makulska S., Garstecki P., Scaling up the throughput of synthesis and extraction in droplet microfluidic reactors, Journal of Flow Chemistry, ISSN: 2062-249X, DOI: 10.1556/JFC-D-14-00038, Vol.5, No.2, pp.110-118, 2015

Streszczenie:
Conducting reactions in droplets in microfluidic chips offers several highly attractive characteristics, among others, increased yield and selectivity of chemical syntheses. The use of droplet microfluidic systems in synthetic chemistry is, however, hampered by the intrinsically small throughput of micrometric channels. Here, we verify experimentally the potential to increase throughput via an increase of the scale of the channels.We use the results of these experiments characterizing the processes of (1) generation of droplets, (2) mixing in droplets, (3) inter-phase extraction, and (4) the yield of synthesis of pyrrole, to postulate a number of guidelines for scaling up the throughput of microfluidic droplet systems. In particular, we suggest the rules for maximizing the throughput via an increase of the size of the channels and via parallelization to optimize the throughput of synthesis against the cost of fabrication of the chips and against the kinetic requirements of specific reactions.

Słowa kluczowe:
flow chemistry, microfluidics, synthesis, emulsions, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Dolega M.E. - Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Jankowski P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Makulska S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
30p.
15.  Kor M., Korczyk P.M., Addai-Mensah J., Krasowska M., Beattie D.A., Carboxymethylcellulose Adsorption on Molybdenite: The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on Adsorption, Bubble–Surface Collisions, and Flotation, LANGMUIR, ISSN: 0743-7463, DOI: 10.1021/la503248e, Vol.30, No.40, pp.11975-11984, 2014

Streszczenie:
The adsorption of carboxymethylcellulose polymers on molybdenite was studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy imaging with two polymers of differing degrees of carboxyl group substitution and at three different electrolyte conditions: 1 × 10–2 M KCl, 2.76 × 10–2 M KCl, and simulated flotation process water of multicomponent electrolyte content, with an ionic strength close to 2.76 × 10–2 M. A higher degree of carboxyl substitution in the adsorbing polymer resulted in adsorbed layers that were thinner and with more patchy coverage; increasing the ionic strength of the electrolyte resulted in increased polymer layer thickness and coverage. The use of simulated process water resulted in the largest layer thickness and coverage for both polymers. The effect of the adsorbed polymer layer on bubble–particle attachment was studied with single bubble–surface collision experiments recorded with high-speed video capture and image processing and also with single mineral molybdenite flotation tests. The carboxymethylcellulose polymer with a lower degree of substitution resulted in almost complete prevention of wetting film rupture at the molybdenite surface under all electrolyte conditions. The polymer with a higher degree of substitution prevented rupture only when adsorbed from simulated process water. Molecular kinetic theory was used to quantify the effect of the polymer on the dewetting dynamics for collisions that resulted in wetting film rupture. Flotation experiments confirmed that adsorbed polymer layer properties, through their effect on the dynamics of bubble–particle attachment, are critical to predicting the effectiveness of polymers used to prevent mineral recovery in flotation.

Słowa kluczowe:
flotation, bubble, adsorption

Afiliacje autorów:
Kor M. - University of South Australia (AU)
Korczyk P.M. - inna afiliacja
Addai-Mensah J. - University of South Australia (AU)
Krasowska M. - inna afiliacja
Beattie D.A. - University of South Australia (AU)
35p.
16.  Churski K., Nowacki M., Korczyk P.M., Garstecki P., Simple modular systems for generation of droplets on demand, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50340b, Vol.13, pp.3689-3697, 2013

Streszczenie:
This report provides practical guidelines for the use of inexpensive electromagnetic valves characterized by large dead volumes (tens to hundreds of μL) for the generation of small (nL) droplets on demand in microfluidic chips. We analyze the role of the ratio of resistances and of the elastic capacitance of the fluidic connectors between the reservoir of the liquid, the valve and the microfluidic chip in the reliable and precise formation of micro droplets on demand. We also demonstrate and examine the use of conventional electromagnetic squeeze valves in the generation of small droplets on demand with a similar set of design rules.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Churski K. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Nowacki M. - inna afiliacja
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
17.  Korczyk P.M., Derzsi L., Jakieła S., Garstecki P., Microfluidic traps for hard-wired operations on droplets, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50347j, Vol.13, pp.4096-4102, 2013

Streszczenie:
We present microfluidic modules (traps) that allow us to lock, shift, dose and merge micro-aliquots of liquid precisely. The precision is hard-wired into the geometry of the device: small values of the capillary number guarantee reproducibility of operation over a range of rates of flow that need not be controlled precisely. The modules can be integrated into systems that perform complicated protocols on micro-droplets while not requiring precision in forcing the flow.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Derzsi L. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
18.  Guzowski J., Jakieła S., Korczyk P.M., Garstecki P., Custom tailoring multiple droplets one-by-one, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50841b, Vol.13, pp.4308-4311, 2013

Streszczenie:
We report automated generation of arbitrary sequences of multiple microdroplets with online and individual control over the number of cores and volumes of all the constituents (cores and shells) of each of the multiple droplets. We show that a given sequence of volumes of the cores always folds to the same final three-dimensional architecture. The method presents the first proof-of-concept for the ability to design the three-dimensional structure of multiple droplets. We discuss the potential use of the technique in the formulation of predetermined distribution of drug release capsules and for automated generation of functional chemical microdroplet networks.

Słowa kluczowe:
multiple droplets, microfluidics

Afiliacje autorów:
Guzowski J. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
19.  Węgrzyn J., Samborski A., Reissig L., Korczyk P.M., Błoński S., Garstecki P., Microfluidic architectures for efficient generation of chemistry gradations in droplets, MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS, ISSN: 1613-4982, DOI: 10.1007/s10404-012-1042-3, Vol.14, No.1, pp.235-245, 2013

Streszczenie:
We demonstrate a strategy for construction of high-throughput microfluidic systems generating gradations of chemistry in micro-droplets. The productivity of the systems that we propose is limited only by the maximum rate of the droplet formation, and does not need to be limited by the rate of mixing. Multilayer polycarbonate chips transform two miscible input streams A and B into N streams of droplets, containing mixtures [A]i, [B]i. Exemplary devices generate linear ([B]i ∝ i) and logarithmic gradations (ln[B]i ∝ i). We also analyze the use of the same strategy for the generation of concentration gradation in the streams of droplets comprising mixtures of liquids of different viscosities. The devices preserve the required distribution of compositions, while allowing the volume of the droplets to be tuned over almost two orders of magnitude (i.e. between 3 and 80 nL).

Słowa kluczowe:
Microfluidics, Generation of gradients, Droplet, Viscosity

Afiliacje autorów:
Węgrzyn J. - inna afiliacja
Samborski A. - inna afiliacja
Reissig L. - Nagoya University (JP)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
20.  van Steijn V., Korczyk P.M., Derzsi L., Abate A.R., Weitz D.A., Garstecki P., Block-and-break generation of microdroplets with fixed volume, BIOMICROFLUIDICS, ISSN: 1932-1058, DOI: 10.1063/1.4801637, Vol.7, pp.024108-1-8, 2013

Streszczenie:
We introduce a novel type of droplet generator that produces droplets of a volume set by the geometry of the droplet generator and not by the flow rates of the liquids. The generator consists of a classic T-junction with a bypass channel. This bypass directs the continuous fluid around the forming droplets, so that they can fill the space between the inlet of the dispersed phase and the exit of the bypass without breaking. Once filled, the dispersed phase blocks the exit of the bypass and is squeezed by the continuous fluid and broken off from the junction. We demonstrate the fixed-volume droplet generator for (i) the formation of monodisperse droplets from a source of varying flow rates, (ii) the formation of monodisperse droplets containing a gradation of solute concentration, and (iii) the parallel production of monodisperse droplets.

Słowa kluczowe:
droplet generator, droplets, microfluidics

Afiliacje autorów:
van Steijn V. - Delft University of Technology (NL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Derzsi L. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Abate A.R. - University of California (US)
Weitz D.A. - Harvard University (US)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
35p.
21.  Jakieła S., Korczyk P.M., Makulska S., Cybulski O., Garstecki P., Discontinuous Transition in a Laminar Fluid Flow: A Change of Flow Topology inside a Droplet Moving in a Micron-Size Channel, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, ISSN: 0031-9007, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.134501, Vol.108, No.13, pp.134501-1-5, 2012

Streszczenie:
Even at moderate values of Reynolds number [e.g., Re=O(1) ] a curved interface between liquids can induce an abrupt transition between topologically different configurations of laminar flow. Here we show for the first time direct evidence of a sharp transition in the speed of flow of a droplet upon a small increase of the value of the capillary number above a threshold and the associated change of topology of flow. The quantitative results on the dependence of the threshold capillary number on the contrast of viscosities and on the direction of transition cannot be explained by any of the existing theories and call for a new description.

Słowa kluczowe:
speed of droplets, microfluidics, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Makulska S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Cybulski O. - inna afiliacja
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
45p.
22.  Guzowski J., Korczyk P.M., Jakieła S., Garstecki P., The structure and stability of multiple micro-droplets, SOFT MATTER, ISSN: 1744-683X, DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25838b, Vol.8, pp.3269-3278, 2012

Streszczenie:
Microfluidic droplet-on-demand systems allow the controllable construction of multiple droplets of previously unattainable morphologies. Guided by the diagrams of the possible topologies of double droplets we investigate in detail the vistas to control the morphology of Janus droplets. We also explore and control new morphologies of multiple Janus droplets, i.e., arbitrarily long chains of alternating immiscible segments. Theoretical calculations together with the control offered by the use of automation allow the design of both the topology and the geometry (e.g. curvatures of the interfaces) of the multiple droplets. The ability to rationally design convex–convex, convex–concave and concave–convex segments may be useful in material science, while the ability to tune the distances between the interfaces in the chains of droplets may have applications in designing artificial biochemical signalling networks.

Słowa kluczowe:
multiple droplets, microfluidics

Afiliacje autorów:
Guzowski J. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
23.  Sikora M., Dieter A., Korczyk P.M., Prodi-Schwab A., Szymczak P., Cieplak M., Geometrical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide clusters in ink dispersions, LANGMUIR, ISSN: 0743-7463, DOI: 10.1021/la203886b, Vol.28, No.2, pp.1523-1530, 2012

Streszczenie:
The analysis of the TEM images of indium tin oxide (ITO) clusters in ink solutions deposited from ink dispersions reveals that their geometry arises from a diffusion limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) process. We model films of ITO clusters as built through deposition of DLCA clusters made of primary spherical nanoparticles of 13 nm in diameter.
The deposition is then followed by a further compactification process that imitates sintering. We determine the conductivity of the sintered films by mapping the problem to that of the resistor network in which the contact regions between the touching spheres provide the dominant electric resistance. For a given volume fraction, conductivity of the sintered films is shown to be larger than that for the randomly packed spheres. However, the larger a typical radius of gyration of the clusters the smaller the enhancement. We also provide numerical tests for the routines used in the interpretation of the TEM images.

Słowa kluczowe:
cluster aggregation, ITO

Afiliacje autorów:
Sikora M. - inna afiliacja
Dieter A. - inna afiliacja
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Prodi-Schwab A. - inna afiliacja
Szymczak P. - Uniwersytet Warszawski (PL)
Cieplak M. - Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
35p.
24.  Korczyk P.M., Kowalewski T.A., Malinowski Sz.P., Turbulent mixing of clouds with the environment: Small scale two phase evaporating flow investigated in a laboratory by particle image velocimetry, PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA, ISSN: 0167-2789, DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.11.003, Vol.241, pp.288-296, 2012

Streszczenie:
In this report, experiments mimicking some aspects of cloud-clear-air mixing in a laboratory chamber are discussed. A saturated plume containing small droplets of water (a surrogate of an atmospheric cloud) is mixed with unsaturated environmental air in order to study effect of evaporative cooling at the interfaces between cloudy and clear air filaments on small-scale turbulence. Two components of the turbulent velocity at a small scale are determined using particle imaging velocimetry of the cloud droplets. Enhanced velocity fluctuations between the Kolmogorov (η ≈ 0.8 mm) and Taylor (λ ≈ 8 mm) microscales are observed.
The characteristic feature of these microscales is anisotropy with a preferred vertical direction. A straightforward dependence of the observed effects on the relative humidity of the environment indicates the importance of buoyancy production by evaporative cooling. This conclusion is in agreement with previous numerical experiments described in the literature and suggests that, under certain conditions, effects similar to the above may influence the smallest scales of turbulence in natural clouds.

Słowa kluczowe:
Small-scale turbulence, Atmospheric turbulence, Evaporative cooling, Cloud-clear-air mixing

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN
Malinowski Sz.P. - inna afiliacja
35p.
25.  Szymborski T., Korczyk P.M., Hołyst R., Garstecki P., Ionic polarization of liquid-liquid interfaces; dynamic control of the rate of electro-coalescence, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, ISSN: 0003-6951, DOI: 10.1063/1.3629783, Vol.99, pp.094101-1-4, 2011

Streszczenie:
Electrostatic forces are the strongest interactions in soft matter physics, yet they are usually screened by ions present in the solutions. Here we demonstrate that the extent of ionic polarization of liquid-liquid interfaces can be dynamically controlled via appropriate choice of the strength and frequency of the external electric field. Results of microfluidic experiments on electro-coalescence of droplets of aqueous solutions of salt provide guidelines for optimization of the process.

Słowa kluczowe:
electro-coalescence, droplets, microfluidics

Afiliacje autorów:
Szymborski T. - inna afiliacja
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Hołyst R. - inna afiliacja
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
26.  Jakieła S., Makulska S., Korczyk P.M., Garstecki P., Speed of flow of individual droplets in microfluidic channels as a function of the capillary number, volume of droplets and contrast of viscosities, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20534j, Vol.11, No.21, pp.3603-3608, 2011

Streszczenie:
Droplet microfluidic techniques offer an attractive compromise between the throughput (of i.e. reactions per second) and the number of input/output controls needed to control them. Reduction of the number of controls follows from the confinement to essentially one-dimensional flow of slugs in channels which—in turn—relies heavily on the speed of flow of droplets. This speed is a complicated function of numerous parameters, including the volume of droplets (or length L of slugs), their viscosity μd, viscosity μc and rate of flow of the continuous phase, interfacial tension and geometry of the cross-section of the channel. Systematic screens of the impact of these parameters on the speed of droplets remain an open challenge. Here we detail an automated system that screens the speeds of individual droplets at a rate of up to 2000 experiments per hour, with high precision and without human intervention. The results of measurements in channels of square cross-section (of width w = 360 μm) for four different values of the contrast of viscosities λ = μd/μc = 0.3, 1, 3, and 33, wide ranges of values of the capillary number Ca ∈ (10−4, 10−1), and wide ranges of lengths of droplets l = L/w ∈ (0.8, 30) show that the speed of droplets depends significantly both on l and on λ. The dependence on Ca is very strong for λ > 1, while it is less important both for λ ≤ 1 and for λ ≫ 1.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, capillary flow, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Makulska S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
27.  Guzowski J., Korczyk P.M., Jakieła S., Garstecki P., Automated high-throughput generation of droplets, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20595a, Vol.11, No.21, pp.3593-3595, 2011

Streszczenie:
We report a microfluidic technique for high-throughput generation of droplets of nanolitre volume in parallel channels with online control of the volumes, volume fraction and distribution of droplet volumes with the use of two external valves.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, droplet generation, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Guzowski J. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
28.  Korczyk P.M., Cybulski O., Makulska A., Garstecki P., Effects of unsteadiness of the rates of flow on the dynamics of formation of droplets in microfluidic systems, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/C0LC00088D, Vol.11, No.1, pp.173-175, 2011

Streszczenie:
Oscillations of the input rates of flow have a significant impact on the dynamics of formation of droplets in microfluidic systems and on the quality of generated emulsions.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, T-junction, droplet generation, syringe pump

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Cybulski O. - inna afiliacja
Makulska A. - inna afiliacja
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
40p.
29.  Churski K., Korczyk P.M., Garstecki P., High-throughput automated droplet microfluidic system for screening of reaction conditions, LAB ON A CHIP, ISSN: 1473-0197, DOI: 10.1039/b925500a, Vol.10, pp.816-818, 2010

Streszczenie:
We demonstrate a new droplet on demand (DOD) technique and an integrated system for scanning of arbitrary combinations of 3 miscible solutions in ∼1.5 μL droplets at 3 Hz. The DOD system uses standard electromagnetic valves that are external to the microfluidic chip. This feature makes up for modularity, simplicity of assembly and compatibility with virtually any microfluidic chip and yields an on-chip footprint of less than 1 mm2. A novel protocol for formation of DOD enables generation of an arbitrarily large range of volumes of droplets at a maximum operational frequency of ∼30 Hz. The integrated system that we demonstrate can be used to scan up to 10000 conditions of chemical and biochemical reactions per hour using ∼10 mL of solutions in total.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, automation, droplet on demand, droplet

Afiliacje autorów:
Churski K. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
32p.
30.  Malinowski Sz., Andrejczuk M., Grabowski W., Korczyk P.M., Smolarkiewicz P., Kowalewski T.A., Laboratory and modeling studies of cloud-clear air interfacial mixing: anisotropy of small-scale turbulence due to evaporative cooling, NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, ISSN: 1367-2630, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/10/7/075020, Vol.10, pp.75020-15, 2008

Streszczenie:
Small-scale mixing between cloudy air and unsaturated clear air is investigated in numerical simulations and in a laboratory cloud chamber. Despite substantial differences in physical conditions and some differences in resolved scales of motion, results of both studies indicate that small-scale turbulence generated through cloud–clear air interfacial mixing is highly anisotropic. For velocity fluctuations, numerical simulations and cloud chamber observations demonstrate that the vertical velocity variance is up to a factor of two larger than the horizontal velocity variance. The Taylor microscales calculated separately for the horizontal and vertical directions also indicate anisotropy of turbulent eddies. This anisotropy is attributed to production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) by buoyancy forces due to evaporative cooling of cloud droplets at the cloud–clear air interface. Numerical simulations quantify the effects of buoyancy oscillations relative to the values expected from adiabatic and isobaric mixing, standardly assumed in cloud physics. The buoyancy oscillations result from microscale transport of liquid water due to the gravitational sedimentation of cloud droplets. In the particular modeling setup considered here, these oscillations contribute to about a fifth of the total TKE production.

Słowa kluczowe:
laboratory cloud formation, TKE of cloud air, microscale cloud turbulence

Afiliacje autorów:
Malinowski Sz. - inna afiliacja
Andrejczuk M. - inna afiliacja
Grabowski W. - inna afiliacja
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Smolarkiewicz P. - inna afiliacja
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN
31.  Kowalewski T.A., Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Eksperymentalna analiza przeplywów w skali mikro i nano, Wybrane zagadnienia przepływów i wymiany ciepła, Vol.6, pp.127-149, 2008

Słowa kluczowe:
mikroprzepływy, eksperymentalna mechanika płynów

Afiliacje autorów:
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
32.  Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Kowalewski T.A., Analysis of turbulence in a micro-channel emulsifier, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES, ISSN: 1290-0729, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.01.028, Vol.46, pp.1123-1141, 2007

Streszczenie:
Turbulent flow of water in an 1 mm long and 0.4 mm high gap of an emulsifier is investigated experimentally using micro-PIV technique and compared with numerical predictions. The purpose of the investigations is to develop a procedure for well-controlled generation of mono-disperse suspension of micro-droplets. The micro-flow measurements are based on epi-fluorescence illumination and high-speed imaging. The experimental data are compared with the numerical results obtained using direct simulation and turbulent flow model. From the turbulent modelling (k−ε) was found that, the maximum of turbulent energy dissipation rate takes place mainly in the micro-channel gap. However, measured and directly simulated (DNS) velocity fields indicate that flow turbulization is delayed and develops shortly behind the gap. Experimental and numerical results are used to predict droplet dimension of two different oil emulsions. Very low amount of oil-phase fraction in investigated emulsions justifies us to use flow characteristics evaluated for pure water to predict mean diameter of oil droplets. These predictions are validated using experimental data on statistics of droplets size.

Słowa kluczowe:
Micro-flow, Micro-PIV, Particle Image Velocimetry, Turbulence, Micro-channel, Emulsion

Afiliacje autorów:
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN
33.  Korczyk P.M., Malinowski S.P., Kowalewski T.A., Mixing of cloud and clear air in centimeter scales observed in laboratory by means of Particle Image Velocimetry, ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, ISSN: 0169-8095, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.09.009, Vol.82, pp.173-182, 2006

Streszczenie:
Cloudy air, containing small water droplets, undergoes mixing with the unsaturated environment inside the cloud chamber in the process resembling smallest scales of entrainment and mixing in real clouds. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) applied to images from the chamber interior is used to investigate dynamics of the process in scales from 1.2 mm to few centimeters. A special algorithm, allowing for investigation of droplets motion, is developed, tested and adapted to the experimental data. Two velocity components retrieved in the vertical cross-section through the chamber interior indicate anisotropy of small-scale turbulent motions, with the preferred vertical direction. This result confirms earlier numerical studies, indicating that evaporation of cloud droplets at the cloud – clear air interface may substantially influence the small-scale turbulence in clouds.

Słowa kluczowe:
Atmospheric turbulence, Turbulence in clouds, Small-scale turbulence, Laboratory investigations of atmospheric turbulence, Particle Image Velocimetry

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Malinowski S.P. - inna afiliacja
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN

Lista ostatnich monografii
1. 
Korczyk P.M., Drobnoskalowa turbulencja w procesie mieszania chmury z otoczeniem – model laboratoryjny, IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research, 4, pp.1-131, 2008

Lista rozdziałów w ostatnich monografiach
1. 
Kowalewski T.A., Błoński S., Korczyk P.M., Wybrane zagadnienia przepływu płynów i wymiany ciepła, rozdział: Eksperymentalna analiza przepływów w skali mikro i nano, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej (Warszawa), Suchecki W. (Eds.), pp.127-149, 2008

Prace konferencyjne
1.  Malinowski S.P., Górska A., Kowalewski T.A., Korczyk P.M., Błoński S., Kumala W., Small-scale mixing at cloud top observed in a laboratory cloud chamber - preliminary results, 13th AMS Conference on Cloud Physics, 2010-06-28/07-02, Portland (US), Vol.P1.22, pp.1-4, 2010

Słowa kluczowe:
small-scale turbulence, cloud, cloud droplets, evaporation

Afiliacje autorów:
Malinowski S.P. - inna afiliacja
Górska A. - inna afiliacja
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Kumala W. - Uniwersytet Warszawski (PL)

Abstrakty konferencyjne
1.  Błoński S., Kupikowska-Stobba B., Kurniawan T., Korczyk P.M., Mikroprzepływy jako narzędzie badań w biologii i medycynie, CePT – platformą rozwoju innowacyjnej biomedycyny, 2024-03-08/03-08, Warszawa (PL), pp.1, 2024
2.  Korczyk P.M., Kurniawan T., Błoński S., Kupikowska-Stobba B., Integrated Approaches in Microfluidic Design for Enhanced Droplet Manipulation and Biological Insights, FMC 2024, XXVI Fluid Mechanics Conference, 2024-09-10/09-13, Warsaw (PL), pp.92-93, 2024

Streszczenie:
he Institute of Fundamental Technological Research's Microfluidic Laboratory
is focused on enhancing the accuracy and practical use of microfluidic methods for chemical
and biological studies, as well as creating tailored microfluidic instruments to address
specific biological research needs. In this document, we present a few of our latest projects.

Słowa kluczowe:
Micro-, Nano- and Bio-flows, Multi-phase Flows, Droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Kurniawan T. - IPPT PAN
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Kupikowska-Stobba B. - IPPT PAN
3.  Kurniawan T., Koza P., Milczarek M., Korczyk P.M., Lipniacki T., Technical notes towards an efficient experiment using droplets as incubators for the immunology study, Warsaw Soft Matter Day, 2023-10-06/10-06, Warszawa (PL), pp.1, 2023
4.  Błoński S., Kupikowska-Stobba B., Kurniawan T., Zaremba D., Korczyk P., Developing microfluidic techniques for biochemical and medical applications, 4th INTERDISCIPLINARY FNP CONFERENCE, 2022-10-06/10-07, Warsaw (PL), pp.110, 2022
5.  Kurniawan T., Korczyk P.M., A scaling law for the neck-shape in microfluidic flow-focusing device, ICTAM2021, 25th International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021-08-22/08-27, Mediolan (virtual) (IT), pp.1167-1168, 2021
6.  Kurniawan T., Korczyk P.M., Formation of dual-size droplets in the microfluidic cross-junction device, NanoBioTech-Montreux, The 24rd Annual European Conference on Micro & Nanoscale Technologies, 2021-11-15/11-17, Montreux (CH), pp.1-2, 2021
7.  Kurniawan T., Korczyk P., Transitional regime of droplet generation in a microfluidic flow-focusing device, CNM 2019, 6th CONFERENCE ON NANO- AND MICROMECHANICS, 2019-07-03/07-05, Rzeszów (PL), pp.55, 2019

Słowa kluczowe:
droplet, microfluidics, flow-focusing

Afiliacje autorów:
Kurniawan T. - IPPT PAN
Korczyk P. - IPPT PAN
8.  Korczyk P.M., Microfluidic traps - a new tool for precise manipulation on small droplets, KKNM, 4th National Conference on Nano- and Micromechanics, 2014-07-08/07-10, Wrocław (PL), pp.21-22, 2014

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
9.  Korczyk P.M., Van Steijn V., Błoński S., Kowalewski T.A., Garstecki P., Mechanism of generation of droplets in a T-junction for low capillary numbers, XXI FMC, XXI Fluid Mechanics Conference, 2014-06-15/06-18, Kraków (PL), pp.117, 2014

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, lab on a chip, droplets, T-junction

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Van Steijn V. - Delft University of Technology (NL)
Błoński S. - IPPT PAN
Kowalewski T.A. - IPPT PAN
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
10.  Korczyk P.M., Jakieła S., Derzsi L., Garstecki P., Microfluidic traps for precise operations on droplets, III National Conference of Nano and Micromechanics, 2012-07-04/07-06, Warszawa (PL), pp.139, 2012

Streszczenie:
Techniques operating on droplets and treating them as single reactors are very promising due to their advantage: i) lack of dispersion, ii) fast mixing, iii) superior control on kinetics of reactions, iv) easy to paralelization v) small volume The challenge is to control the size and the content of each droplet simultaneously.
We present concept of microfluidic modules that taking advantage of the capillary back pressure allow to trap, dose and realize precise portion of liquid. The precision is encrypted in the geometry of the device and large mismatch of shear stresses and capillary forces. This mismatch guaranties reproducibility over a wide range of rates of flow that need not be controlled precisely. We also demonstrate that these modules allow to built systems that perform complicated protocols precisely while nor precise control.

Słowa kluczowe:
microfluidics, droplets

Afiliacje autorów:
Korczyk P.M. - IPPT PAN
Jakieła S. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Derzsi L. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Garstecki P. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)

Patenty
Numer/data zgłoszenia patentowego
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Ogłoszenie o udzieleniu patentu
pdf
PCT/EP/2022/076874
2022-09-27
WO 2023046998
2023-03-30
Georg-Marten L., Kowalczyk T., Błoński S., Putrinš M., Tanel T., Korczyk P. M., Kogermann K.
Fibers electrospinning including microfluidics method
WO, Uniwersytet w Tartu, Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
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