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Abstract:
GaN quantum dots grown in (inline image)’orientated AlN are studied. The inline image-nucleated quantum dots exhibit rectangular- or trapezoid-based truncated pyramidal morphology. Another quantum dot type orientated on inline image is reported. Based on high-resolution transmission microscopy and crystal symmetry, the geometry of inline image-orientated quantum dots is proposed. A piezoelectric model is used within a finite element method to determine and compare the strain-state and electrostatic potential associated with the quantum dot morphology and an estimation of the band-edge energy is made. We report on some novel properties of the inline image-orientated quantum dot, including mixed strain-states and strain-state bowing.

Keywords:
III–V semiconductors, AlN, GaN, nanostructures, piezoelectric properties, quantum dots

Abstract:
GaN quantum dots (QDs) grown in semipolar (11-22) AlN by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. The embedded (11-2)-grown QDs exhibited pyramidal or truncated-pyramidal morphology consistent with the symmetry of the nucleating plane, and were delimited by nonpolar and semipolar nanofacets. It was also found that, in addition to the (11-22) surface, QDs nucleated at depressions comprising {10-11} facets. This was justified by ab initio density functional theory calculations showing that such GaN/AlN facets are of lower energy compared to (11-22). Based on quantitative high-resolution TEM strain measurements, the three-dimensional QD strain state was analyzed using finite-element simulations. The internal electrostatic field was then estimated, showing small potential drop along the growth direction, and limited localization at most QD interfaces.

Keywords:
Quantum dots, Transmission electron microscopy, III-V semiconductors, High resolution transmission electron microscopy, Epitaxy