| 1. |
Warczak M.♦, Pręgowska A., Masztalerz K.♦, Osial M., M line Memory and Memories,
United Academics Magazine, ISSN: 2212-5728, pp.1-7, 2022 Keywords:
memory,memories,brain Affiliations:
| Warczak M. | - | Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL) | | Pręgowska A. | - | IPPT PAN | | Masztalerz K. | - | other affiliation | | Osial M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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| 2. |
Pręgowska A., Masztalerz K.♦, Garlińska M.♦, Osial M.♦, A worldwide journey through distance education-from the post office to virtual, augmented and mixed realities, and education during the COVID-19 pandemic,
Education Sciences, ISSN: 2227-7102, DOI: 10.3390/educsci11030118, Vol.11, No.3, pp.118-1-26, 2021Abstract:
Surprisingly, distance education is quite an old concept. Its origins date back to the first correspondence-based course, which took place via the postal service in Boston, USA, in the 18th century. Rapid technological developments, especially in video and audio streaming, have increased the availability of such courses and moved learning into the virtual world. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing an accelerated revolution in the learning process, as nearly all forms of education have been shifted online. Will this have a destructive effect on the human psyche? Is humanity sufficiently aware and ready for such a dramatic change? Will we return to physical in-classroom studies, or is remote distance education set to become the new norm? In particular, in medicine, computer science, fine arts, or architectural design, such a rapid change in the way students learn can be quite challenging. In this paper, we provide an overview of the history of distance learning, taking into account teachers’ and students’ points of view in both secondary and higher education. Keywords:
distance learning, distance education, online courses Affiliations:
| Pręgowska A. | - | IPPT PAN | | Masztalerz K. | - | other affiliation | | Garlińska M. | - | other affiliation | | Osial M. | - | other affiliation |
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| 3. |
Garlinska M.♦, Pręgowska A., Masztalerz K.♦, Osial M.♦, From mirrors to free-space optical communication-historical aspects in data transmission,
Future Internet, ISSN: 1999-5903, DOI: 10.3390/fi12110179, Vol.12, No.11, pp.179-1-18, 2020Abstract:
Fast communication is of high importance. Recently, increased data demand and crowded radio frequency spectrum have become crucial issues. Free-Space Optical Communication (FSOC) has diametrically changed the way people exchange information. As an alternative to wire communication systems, it allows efficient voice, video, and data transmission using a medium like air. Due to its large bandwidth, FSOC can be used in various applications and has therefore become an important part of our everyday life. The main advantages of FSOC are a high speed, cost savings, compact structures, low power, energy efficiency, a maximal transfer capacity, and applicability. The rapid development of the high-speed connection technology allows one to reduce the repair downtime and gives the ability to quickly establish a backup network in an emergency. Unfortunately, FSOC is susceptible to disruption due to atmospheric conditions or direct sunlight. Here, we briefly discuss Free-Space Optical Communication from mirrors and optical telegraphs to modern wireless systems and outline the future development directions of optical communication. Keywords:
free-space optical communication, telecommunications, wireless communication, data transfer history, communication networks Affiliations:
| Garlinska M. | - | National Center for Research and Development (PL) | | Pręgowska A. | - | IPPT PAN | | Masztalerz K. | - | other affiliation | | Osial M. | - | other affiliation |
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