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Kamińska A.♦, Hoffman J., Vacher D.♦, Dudeck M.♦, Szymański Z., Electrical and plasma flow characteristics of a segmented plasmatron operating with mixture of gases,
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 0963-0252, DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/24/5/055007, Vol.24, pp.055007-1-13, 2015Abstract: The electric characteristics of a segmented plasmatron and the results of optical emission spectroscopy of Ar-air, N2, and N2–CO2 are presented. The main working gas forming the plasma stream was fed near the cathode into the arc region and another additional gas was injected into the plasma stream beyond the arc. It is shown that the gas injected into the plasma stream is drawn to the arc area due to arc spot movement and cyclic arc shrinking and expanding due to the power supply pulsation. It was found that when the anode spot moves upstream, the additional gas is retracted into the arc region, changing the operating conditions of the plasmatron. The retraction mechanism depends on the gas type and is different in argon and molecular plasmas. The results of the plasma emission spectroscopy show differences in the electron excitation and rotational temperatures for the plasmas studied and are used to explain the mechanism of functioning of a segmented plasmatron. Keywords: segmented plasmatron, electric properties, optical emission Affiliations:
Kamińska A. | - | other affiliation | Hoffman J. | - | IPPT PAN | Vacher D. | - | Université d’Auvergne (FR) | Dudeck M. | - | CNRS (FR) | Szymański Z. | - | IPPT PAN |
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Kamińska A.♦, Dudeck M.♦, Hoffman J., Szymański Z., Gouy P.A.♦, Vacher D.♦, A plasma jet produced in a segmented plasmatron: modelling and experiment,
PHYSICA SCRIPTA, ISSN: 0031-8949, DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T161/014072, Vol.T161, pp.014072-1-4, 2014Abstract: Nitrogen and argon plasmas with a small admixture of air produced in a segmented plasmatron are studied both experimentally and theoretically. A two-temperature hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the plasma flow inside the plasmatron. The calculated plasma temperature and electron density are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values obtained from emission spectroscopy. The electron temperatures are several thousand kelvins higher than the atom temperatures, showing that the plasmas produced in the segmented plasmatron are in non-equilibrium. Keywords: segmented plasmatron, plasma expansion, emission spectroscopy Affiliations:
Kamińska A. | - | other affiliation | Dudeck M. | - | CNRS (FR) | Hoffman J. | - | IPPT PAN | Szymański Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Gouy P.A. | - | Clermont Université (FR) | Vacher D. | - | Université d’Auvergne (FR) |
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Babou Y.♦, Lequang D.♦, Chazot O.♦, Surzhikov S.T.♦, Dikaljuk A.S.♦, Panarese A.♦, Cicala G.♦, Longo S.♦, Hoffman J., Szymański Z., Kamińska A.♦, Dudeck M.♦, Vacher D.♦, Thermodynamic Characterization of High-Speed and High-Enthalpy Plasma Flows,
The Open Plasma Physics Journal, ISSN: 1876-5343, DOI: 10.2174/1876534301407010155, Vol.7, pp.155-172, 2014Abstract: This contribution proposes a description of selected experimental activities conducted in aerospace sciences and dedicated to generate experimental data to assess atmospheric entry plasma models. In order to provide comprehensive set of experimental data, high enthalpy shock tube facilities have been developed to generate plasma representative of entry plasma for broad range of trajectory entry conditions. The shock-heated plasma is obtained through adiabatic compression and the resulting post-shock plasma flow exhibits thermodynamic state analogous to actual entry plasma. However, significant insight can be obtained through experiments conducted also with non-equilibrium plasma flows obtained with other methods. The typical methodologies adopted to provide experimental data of interest to enhance entry plasma modeling are sketched for four distinct non-equilibrium plasma kinds produced respectively by four specific ground facilities. The contribution firstly will consider experimental campaigns conducted with a high enthalpy shock tube in order to document in absolute radiance the radiative signature in the UV spectral range of an Earth entry plasma. Then, the investigations of the interaction between a shock wave and an electrical discharge will be described. These investigations were performed to identify the role of the internal degrees of freedom of molecular gases on the propagation of the shock. Also, the contribution covers investigations devoted to the thermodynamic state characterizations by means of spectroscopic diagnostics in the cases of the non-equilibrium plasmas flows generated by plasma wind tunnels. The examination of the Saha-Boltzmann equilibrium is proposed in the case of a subsonic plasma flow. And at last, the characterization methods of air supersonic plasma jet are presented and the 2D distributions of the subsequently measured plasma properties are documented for a straight comparisons with non-equilibrium plasma jet computations. Keywords: Abel transform, multi-temperature model optical emission spectroscopy, non-equilibrium plasma, particle in cell - Monte Carlo computation, plasma wind tunnel, Saha balance, shock tube, supersonic plasma Affiliations:
Babou Y. | - | von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics (BE) | Lequang D. | - | von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics (BE) | Chazot O. | - | von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics (BE) | Surzhikov S.T. | - | Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RU) | Dikaljuk A.S. | - | Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RU) | Panarese A. | - | University of Bari (IT) | Cicala G. | - | Institute of Inorganic Methodologies and Plasmas (IT) | Longo S. | - | University of Bari (IT) | Hoffman J. | - | IPPT PAN | Szymański Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Kamińska A. | - | other affiliation | Dudeck M. | - | CNRS (FR) | Vacher D. | - | Université d’Auvergne (FR) |
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Kamińska A.♦, Hoffman J., Szymański Z., Dudeck M.♦, Plasmatron for Simulation of Re-entry Conditions in a Planetary Atmosphere,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION, ISSN: 1070-9878, DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2013.6633690, Vol.20, No.5, pp.1607-1615, 2013Abstract: The characteristics of segmented plasmatron are presented. The arc is sustained in argon plasma and in plasma stream, argon, nitrogen and carbon-dioxide are introduced. The numerical simulation of argon electric arc and plasma stream is carried out and the temperatures and densities of electron and heavy particles are presented. Experimental and theoretical investigations determine and explain the influence of natural gas and flow rate injected into plasma stream on working plasmatron conditions. The anode voltage drop analysis shows that in plasmatron working at a current between 40 and 340 A, gas flow rate between 0.4 and 2 g/s and pressure from 5 to 100 kPa, this drop changes from negative to positive, influencing arc voltage value. The gas injection into plasma stream results in anode spot dynamic. Electric breakdowns accompanied by high voltage fluctuations are observed when argon or nitrogen is introduced while carbon dioxide eliminates this type of breakdown reducing the voltage fluctuations and ablation of electrodes. Keywords: segmented plasmatron, re-entry in planetary atmosphere, plasma jet Affiliations:
Kamińska A. | - | other affiliation | Hoffman J. | - | IPPT PAN | Szymański Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Dudeck M. | - | CNRS (FR) |
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Peradzyński Z., Barral S., Makowski K., Dudeck M.♦, Causality violation in analysis of Hall thruster plasma instabilities,
JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL PHYSICS, ISSN: 0324-8313, Vol.49, pp.315-327, 2009 | |
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Peradzyński Z., Barral S., Makowski K., Dudeck M.♦, Causality violation in analysis of Hall thruster plasma instabilities,
JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL PHYSICS, ISSN: 0324-8313, Vol.49, pp.315-327, 2008 | |
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Kurzyna J., Mazouffre S.♦, Lazurenko A.♦, Albarede L.♦, Bonhomme G.♦, Makowski K., Dudeck M.♦, Peradzyński Z., Spectral analysis of Hall effect thruster plasma oscillations based on the empirical mode decomposition,
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, ISSN: 1070-664X, DOI: 10.1063/1.2145020, Vol.12, pp.123506-1-13, 2005Abstract: Hall-effect thruster plasma oscillations recorded by means of probes located at the channel exit are analyzed using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. This self-adaptive technique permits to decompose a nonstationary signal into a set of intrinsic modes, and acts as a very efficient filter allowing to separate contributions of different underlying physical mechanisms. Applying the Hilbert transform to the whole set of modes allows to identify peculiar events and to assign them a range of instantaneous frequency and power. In addition to 25kHz breathing-type oscillations which are unambiguously identified, the EMD approach confirms the existence of oscillations with instantaneous frequencies in the range of 100–500kHz typical for ion transit-time oscillations. Modeling of high-frequency modes (ν∼10MHz) resulting from EMD of measured wave forms supports the idea that high-frequency plasma oscillations originate from electron-density perturbations propagating azimuthally with the electron drift velocity. Keywords: Plasma oscillations, Interplanetary magnetic fields, Plasma waves, Wavelets, High frequency discharges Affiliations:
Kurzyna J. | - | IPPT PAN | Mazouffre S. | - | CNRS (FR) | Lazurenko A. | - | CNRS (FR) | Albarede L. | - | CNRS (FR) | Bonhomme G. | - | Université Henri Poincaré (FR) | Makowski K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dudeck M. | - | CNRS (FR) | Peradzyński Z. | - | IPPT PAN |
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Barral S., Makowski K., Peradzyński Z., Dudeck M.♦, Transit time instability in Hall Thruster,
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, ISSN: 1070-664X, Vol.12, pp.73504-1-9, 2005 | |
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Szymański Z., Peradzyński Z., Kurzyna J., Hoffman J., Dudeck M.♦, de Graaf M.♦, Lago V.♦, Spectroscopic study of a supersonic jet of laser-heated argon plasma,
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, ISSN: 0022-3727, DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/30/6/013, Vol.30, No.6, pp.998, 1997Abstract: A spectroscopic study of a low-pressure supersonic jet of laser-heated argon plasma is presented. The experimental set-up consisted of a high-pressure convergent nozzle and a supersonic nozzle. The supersonic nozzle was placed just behind the convergent nozzle and was connected to a low-pressure chamber. A continuous wave laser with output power of 2 kW was used to maintain the plasma in the stream of argon gas flowing from the convergent nozzle. The plasma then expanded through the supersonic nozzle. Emission spectra from the laser-sustained plasma and supersonic jet were measured with a 1.3 m focal length spectrograph and 1254 silicon intensified target (SIT) detector connected to an EG&G PARC optical multichannel analyser (OMA) III. We found that the supersonic stream of argon plasma had an electron density of - and a temperature of 6 - 7 kK. Affiliations:
Szymański Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Peradzyński Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Kurzyna J. | - | IPPT PAN | Hoffman J. | - | IPPT PAN | Dudeck M. | - | CNRS (FR) | de Graaf M. | - | other affiliation | Lago V. | - | other affiliation |
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