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Abstract:
Molybdenum sulfide–oxide (MoS2, MS) emerges as the prime electrocatalyst candidate demonstrating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity comparable to platinum (Pt). This study presents a facile electrochemical approach for fabricating a hybrid copper (Cu)/MoS2 (CMS) nanos- tructure thin-film electrocatalyst directly onto nickel foam (NF) without a binder or template. The synthesized CMS nanostructures were characterized utilizing energy-ispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods. The XRD result revealed that the Cu metal coating on MS results in the creation of an extremely crys-talline CMS nanostructure with a well-defined interface. The hybrid nanostructures demonstrated
higher hydrogen production, attributed to the synergistic interplay of morphology and electron dis-tribution at the interface. The nanostructures displayed a significantly low overpotential of −149 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 117 mV dec−1, indicating enhanced catalytic activity compared to pristine MoS2.This research underscores the significant enhancement of the HER performance and
conductivity achieved by CMS, showcasing its potential applications in renewable energy.

Keywords:
electrodeposition, hydrogen evolution reactions, catalytic activity, Cu/MoS2 nanostructures

Abstract:
Hydrogen produced by electrochemical water splitting is considered to be a sustainable fuel source, an
ideal way to solve the energy problem and its environmental challenges. However, industrial production
of hydrogen from water splitting is mainly hindered by sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction
(OER) at the anode and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode in an alkaline solution due
to the difficulty in forming binding protons. Thus, the construction of a highly active and cost-effective
catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies is critical for enhancing the reaction efficiency and decreasing
the required overpotential. Due to earth-abundance and electrocatalytic activities, Ni-based ultrathin
nanostructures (Ni-utNSs) have attracted immense attention for overall water splitting. Herein, we have
presented a complete summary of recent advancements in Ni-utNSs for overall electrochemical water
splitting. After discussing unique advances in Ni-utNSs, we discussed their properties and crystal
structures. The HER, OER, and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanisms were briefly discussed. We
also discussed several Ni-utNS manufacturing techniques, as well as in situ and ex situ characterization
and computer modeling. Furthermore, the electrochemical water splitting of Ni-utNSs is addressed. This
review can help readers understand the recent progress of Ni-utNS catalysts and gain insight into the
rational design of Ni-utNS catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity.