1. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Choinska C.♦, Brachaczek A., Dąbrowski M., Ośko J.♦, Kuć M.♦, Gas permeability and gamma ray shielding properties of concrete for nuclear applications,
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN, ISSN: 0029-5493, DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.113616, Vol.429, No.113616, pp.1-14, 2024Abstract: Concrete used in nuclear applications faces significant durability challenges due to degradation from radiation, thermal stresses, and chemical reactions. These issues highlight the critical need for impermeable concrete shields to prevent radioactive leaks and protect against harmful radiation. This study examines how concrete composition affects gas permeability and gamma radiation shielding properties. Three coarse aggregates—amphibolite (reference), magnetite, and serpentine—and two cement types (ordinary and slag) were tested, with concrete densities ranging from 2309 to 3538 kg/m3. Gas permeability was measured using a Cembureau-type constant head permeameter, and gamma shielding was assessed through the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) and half-value layer (HVL) at 137Cs decay energies. The results revealed significant variations in gas permeability and gamma ray shielding based on aggregate and cement type, with observable relationships between gas permeability, HVL, and concrete density. The results obtained from the presented research will contribute to increasing the safety, durability and cost-effectiveness of concrete constructions and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Keywords: Heavyweight aggregate, Hydrogen-bearing aggregate, Shielding concrete, Gas permeability, Gamma ray attenuation, Microstructure, ITZ Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Choinska C. | - | other affiliation | Brachaczek A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Ośko J. | - | other affiliation | Kuć M. | - | other affiliation |
| |
2. |
Dąbrowski M., Brachaczek A., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Experimental assessment of appropriate time for aggregate exposure at the surface of cement concrete pavement,
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, ISSN: 1029-8436, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2024.2318607, Vol.25, No.1, pp.1-12, 2024Abstract: Exposed aggregate concrete (EAC) pavement is a commonly employed technology in Europe for the construction of highways. The technical challenges associated with pavement construction include achieving both a comfortable ride and the desired skid resistance, while ensuring the long-term concrete durability. Maintaining uniformity of concrete mix, precise dosing of retarding agents, optimal selection of brushing time, and ensuring adequate curing conditions are identified as critical factors for achieving the designed ride performance. This study is focused on determining the appropriate time for the brushing operation, conducted to expose aggregate grains at the surface of the pavement. Laboratory tests were performed on concrete mixes designed to replicate job mixes for the upper layer of a two-layer concrete pavement. Measurements of the mass of evaporated water from the cement paste, isothermal calorimetry tests, and modified Vicat tests were employed to predict the appropriate brushing time. The texture depth was determined using a laser profiler as a function of brushing time. Compressive strength, the rate of chloride ion migration, and scaling resistance were determined through tests conducted on specimens cut from exposed aggregate slabs. Results revealed the suitability of the developed test method for determining the appropriate time for brushing EAC pavements. Keywords: cement setting, exposed aggregate concrete, macrotexture, pavement durability, surface retarder, texturing technology Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Brachaczek A. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
3. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Jaskulski R.♦, Dziedzic K., Antolik A., Dąbrowski M., Influence of Calcination Temperature and Amount of Low-Grade Clay Replacement on Mitigation of the Alkali–Silica Reaction,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma16083210, Vol.16, No.8, pp.3210-1-3210-13, 2023Abstract: Results of experimental investigation on the mitigation of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) by low-grade calcined clay are presented. Domestic clay with an Al2O3 content equal to 26% and SiO2—58% was used. The calcination temperatures were as follows: 650 °C, 750 °C, 850 °C and 950 °C, which were chosen much more widely than presented in previous studies. Pozzolanity of the raw and calcined clay was determined with the Fratini test. The performance of calcined clay to mitigate ASR was evaluated according to ASTM C1567 using reactive aggregates. A control mortar mixture was prepared with 100% Portland cement (Na2Oeq = 1.12%) as a binder with reactive aggregate, and test mixtures were made with 10% and 20% of calcined clay as a cement replacement. The microstructure of the specimens was observed on the polished sections using scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated in backscattered mode (BSE). The results of expansion of mortar bars with reactive aggregate showed that replacing cement with calcined clay reduced the expansion of the mortar bars. The greater the cement replacement, the better results in terms of ASR mitigation. However, the influence of the calcination temperature was not as clear. The opposite trend was found with the use of 10% or 20% calcined clay. Keywords: alkali–silica reaction (ASR), expansion, low grade calcined clay, mitigation, Fratini test, microscopic analysis Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | other affiliation | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
4. |
Antolik A., Dąbrowski M., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Petrographic Evaluation of Aggregate from Igneous Rocks: Alkali–Silica Reaction Potential,
Minerals, ISSN: 2075-163X, DOI: 10.3390/min13081004, Vol.13, No.8, pp.1-14, 2023Abstract: A thorough petrographic evaluation of aggregates from igneous rocks in terms of their alkali–silica reaction (ASR) potential is crucial in ensuring the durability and long-term performance of concrete structures, especially those where access to additional alkalis is possible, such as from de-icing agents. The aim of the research was to assess the potential reactivity of aggregates from igneous rocks, as only such aggregates are used for concrete airport pavements in Poland. Petrographic analysis was conducted to identify the reactive minerals in the aggregate, and it was extended by quantitative image analysis. The strained, microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline quartz were found to be reactive components but significantly differed in content. It was found that aggregates from igneous rocks were characterized by different susceptibility to ASR and that methods to mitigate the occurrence of ASR should be considered to be used in airfield concrete. A relationship between the content of analyzed reactive minerals and the expansion of mortar bars in AMBT, as well as of the concrete prism in the CPT method, was revealed. Keywords: igneous rocks, granite aggregate, mineral composition, thin sections, digital image analysis, petrographic analysis, alkali–silica reaction, concrete durability Affiliations:
Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
5. |
Glinicki M.A., Bogusz K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., ASR performance of concrete at external alkali supply – effects of aggregate mixtures and blended cement,
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, ISSN: 1029-8436, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2023.2171038, Vol.24, No.1, pp.1-13, 2023Abstract: The long term durability of concrete pavements in wet-freeze climate is influenced by deicing salts used for winter maintenance of roads. Alkaline deicers could also be an external source of alkalis therefore their role in respect to development of deleterious alkali-silica reaction (ASR) should be considered. The performance of mineral aggregate mixtures in concrete was studied using RILEM test procedure ‘60°C concrete test with external alkali supply’. Air entrained concrete specimens were exposed to cyclic temperature changes, wetting-drying and NaCl solution immersion. Tests revealed the development of concrete expansion in time and associated changes of its elastic modulus for 31 mixtures of fine and coarse aggregate and Portland and fly ash or slag blended cements. The expansive behavior of air entrained concrete was strongly influenced by the presence of micro- and cryptocrystalline silica in aggregates. A replacement of nonreactive limestone sand by moderately reactive quartz sand resulted in a substantial enhancement of concrete expansion by a factor of three. Observed reduction of elastic modulus was correlated with more abundant presence of alkali-silica reaction products in concrete. Effects of cement type (CEM I, CEM II/A-V and CEM II/B-S) on the ASR performance of concrete with crushed coarse aggregate and quartz sand are discussed. Keywords: Air entrained concrete,alkali-silica reaction,external alkalis,NaCl solution,performance test Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
6. |
Dąbrowski M., Kuziak J.♦, Dziedzic K., Glinicki M.A., Influence of Environmental Conditions on Steel Corrosion in Concrete Exposed to Gamma Radiation,
Materials Proceedings, ISSN: 2673-4605, DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013044, Vol.13, No.44, pp.1-7, 2023Abstract: This article examines the problem of the service life of reinforced concrete structures intended for nuclear power plants and radiation waste storage bunkers when exposed to radiation. This research focused on assessing the corrosion resistance of steel bars under conditions of simultaneous exposure to gamma radiation and various environmental conditions affecting the rate of carbonation. Electrochemical measurements of steel bars were carried out on samples in three environmental conditions: in a laboratory–dry; enclosed in a can at RH = 50%; and enclosed in a can at RH = 100%. The durability of the passivation layer of steel on non-irradiated and irradiated specimens after 8 months of exposure to gamma radiation was compared. A lower degradation effect of gamma radiation was visible in fully water-saturated specimens Keywords: corrosion of steel, relative humidity variability, carbonation condition, EIS, polarization curve Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Kuziak J. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
7. |
Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Sikorin S.♦, Fateev V.♦, Povolansky E.♦, Gamma irradiation sensitivity of early hardening cement mortar,
CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITES, ISSN: 0958-9465, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104327, Vol.126, pp.104327-1-14, 2022Abstract: For possible application of gamma radiation in processing of fresh concrete, like surface processing at precast plants or 3D printing, it is essential to evaluate effects of irradiation on the early hardening of cementitious binders. The influence of gamma irradiation with the dose rate of 4.6 kGy/h on the early strength, pore size distribution and qualitative phase composition of mortar was investigated. The range of investigation comprises the effects selected micro- and nano-additions to Portland cement mortar used to control the kinetic of setting and early hardening of cement. Results show that gamma irradiation of hardening mortar results in the early strength increase of about 56–100%, in reduction of capillary porosity and pore size refinement. The gamma-irradiation sensitivity of early strength of cement mortar is equivalent to increased temperature wet curing. A correlation of heat evolution characteristics of hardening mortar and the temperature-equivalent of gamma irradiation is discussed. Keywords: boron minerals, early hardening, gamma irradiation, pore size distribution, strength, temperature equivalent Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Sikorin S. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Fateev V. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Povolansky E. | - | other affiliation |
| |
8. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Kuziak J.♦, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dziedzic K., Effects of 2 MGy gamma irradiation on the steel corrosion in cement-based composites,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127967, Vol.342, pp.127967-1-16, 2022Abstract: A viable prediction of service life of reinforced concrete structures exposed to irradiation environment is necessary to support a license extension for currently operating nuclear power plants as well as to support concrete mix optimization for new builds. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the corrosion performance of mild steel reinforcing bars under gamma irradiation at environmental conditions favoring accelerated carbonation. in elevated temperature. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic electrochemical tests were performed to assess the corrosion rates on the rebar surfaces. Effects of irradiation were also examined in regard to capillary pore size distribution by mercury intrusion porosimetry and mesopore distribution based on nitrogen desorption data. Companion tests were performed to determine the compressive and flexural strength of mortar exposed to gamma irradiation. Relative effects of gamma irradiation are reported for mortar specimens containing fly ash or limestone powder used for partial replacement of Portland cement up to 40% by mass. Gamma irradiation dose up to 2 MGy was found to affect the properties of passive layer of steel in comparison to non-irradiated specimens. A decrease of corrosive potential and passivation potential was found. An increase of corrosion current density by an order of magnitude due to gamma irradiation was observed. Parameters of polarization curves of steel indicated unstable passive layer on steel reinforcement in irradiated mortars. Keywords: gamma irradiation, steel corrosion, supplementary cementitious materials, modification, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, corrosion potential, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda porosity Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kuziak J. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
9. |
Dąbrowski M., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Influence of serpentinite aggregate on the microstructure and durability of radiation shielding concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127536, Vol.337, pp.127536-1-13, 2022Abstract: Concrete mix design for radiation shielding is mainly based on selection of aggregate materials of specified elemental composition. Serpentinite aggregate could be a desirable component of concrete for mixed-radiation attenuation and for high temperatures, however its durability performance needs further attention. The objective of the study is to reveal the influence of serpentinite aggregate on the microstructure and transport properties of baryte-serpentinite concrete. Mix design was developed for low-heat Portland cement and slag cement by using a combination of serpentinite aggregate and baryte aggregate. The compressive strength, chloride migration coefficient, carbonation resistance were experimentally investigated. The durability tests were compared with open porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry measurement and examination of thin section of concrete by optical microscope. The results revealed increased porosity of contact zone of serpentinite aggregate with cement matrix. Open and capillary porosity of concrete was found to increase with increase of serpentinite aggregate content. Consequently, an increase of the chloride migration coefficient up to 2.5 times, the rate of carbonation up to 4 times were observed. Keywords: baryte, serpentinite, carbonation, chloride ion permeability, durability, microstructure, mix design, interfacial transition zone, porosity, radiation shielding concrete Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
10. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., Dziedzic K., Jarząbek D., Antolik A., Denis P., Glinicki M.A., Effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of carbonation reaction products in mortar,
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 1359-5997, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-022-02003-w, Vol.55, pp.164-1-17, 2022Abstract: Prediction of carbonation progress in concrete exposed to ionizing radiation is important for the durability assessment of nuclear power plants, eventually needed for operational license extension. The objective of this work is to reveal the influence of gamma irradiation on the carbonation development and resulting microstructural features of cement mortar. The composition of mortar was varied by using mineral additions. Canned specimens at elevated CO2 concentration environment were exposed to gamma irradiation up to the absorbed dose of 1.6 MGy in the vicinity of spent nuclear fuel rods in pool of research reactor. Micromechanical properties of carbonation reaction products were determined using nanoindentation tests. The carbonation depth was found to increase with increasing absorbed γ dose. The size of calcite crystals was about three times greater in irradiated specimens. Gamma irradiation improved the micromechanical properties of carbonation products. Effects of mineral additives on the characteristics of irradiated mortar are discussed. Keywords: calcite, carbonation, cement mortar, gamma irradiation, microstructure, mineral additions, nanoindentation Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jarząbek D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Denis P. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
11. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Dąbrowski M., Bogusz K., Diagnosis of ASR damage in highway pavement after 15 years of service in wet-freeze climate region,
Case Studies in Construction Materials, ISSN: 2214-5095, DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01226, Vol.17, pp.e01226-1-15, 2022Abstract: Diagnostic tests were carried out on specimens drilled from a section of jointed, unreinforced highway pavement after 15 years of service. The section of highway was exposed to heavy road traffic, environmental actions of wet-freeze climate zone and associated winter maintenance including application of deicing salt. Premature pavement damage was manifested by visible cracking, mostly along transverse joints and in slab corners. Tests performed on core specimens included petrographic analysis of concrete and its components, using optical and scanning electron microscopy, also evaluation of elastic and transport properties, expansion potential, cracks and air void system. Numerous cracks in the grains of coarse quartzite aggregate were found. Reactive forms of quartz in quartzite aggregate - microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline quartz - were abundant. The gel-like products in cracks in quartzite grains and in surrounding cement paste were identified as alkali-silica reaction products. Expansion of specimens exposed to an alkali-silica reaction-promoting environment indicated the potential for further development of such reaction. Substantial cracking and reduction of modulus of elasticity was correlated with the presence of reactive quartz in quartzite aggregate. The role of additional destructive factors, such as the impact of heavy vehicles traffic and freeze-thaw aggression was indicated by greater cracks in the slow traffic lane compared than in the emergency lane, associated with local marginal air entrainment of concrete. Keywords: alkali-silica reaction, concrete, cracking, durability, highway pavement Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
12. |
Żebrowski W.♦, Wolka P.♦, Zieliński A.♦, Dąbrowski M., Ograniczenie korozji ASR w betonie za pomocą metakaolinu MK-40 i tradycyjnych dodatków mineralnych,
Materiały Budowlane, ISSN: 0137-2971, DOI: 10.15199/33.2022.03.09, Vol.3, No.595, pp.55-58, 2022Abstract: Artykuł prezentuje badania związane z ograniczeniem korozji ASR w betonie,wywołanej przez reaktywne kruszywo drobne, za pomocą dodatków mineralnych. W tym celu użyto metakaolinu MK-40, popiołu lotnego oraz żużla wielkopiecowego. Badania wykonano zgodnie z krajowymi procedurami badawczymi GDDKiA bazującymi na zmodyfikowanych metodach ASTM oraz RILEM AAR. Pozwoliły one określić procentowe ograniczenie ekspansji w przypadku poszczególnych zapraw cementowych. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono, że możliwe jest ograniczenie ekspansji zaprawy z piaskami reaktywnymi przez zastosowanie wybranych dodatków mineralnych. Keywords: ASR, beton, żużel wielkopiecowy, popiół lotny, metakaolin Affiliations:
Żebrowski W. | - | other affiliation | Wolka P. | - | other affiliation | Zieliński A. | - | West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin (PL) | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
13. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Dąbrowski M., Bogusz K., Lisowski P., ANALYSIS OF CAUSES OF DAMAGE TO SINGLE-LAYER CONCRETE HIGHWAY PAVEMENT,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.022.011, Vol.21, No.3, pp.183-201, 2022Abstract: Premature damage to the concrete pavement of a trunk road section after 15 years of its service life was noticed. The damage manifested itself in cracking along transverse joints and in the corners of slabs. Diagnostic investigations, covering a petrographic analysis of concrete and mineral aggregates by means of optical and scanning microscopy, an evaluation of the elastic properties, the degree of cracking and air-void parameters and an identification of the alkali-silica reaction products, were carried out on core samples. Multiple cracks in coarse quartzite aggregate particles and in cement matrix were found. A significant presence of microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline quartz in quartzite particles was detected. Typical alkali-silica reaction products were unambiguously identified. The considerable cracking and the substantial decrease in the modulus of elasticity were correlated with the presence of reactive quartz in the quartzite aggregate and the alkali-silica reaction was found to be the main cause of the damage. Additional damaging factors, such as heavy traffic loads and frost aggression, are discussed. Keywords: concrete, road pavement, pavement evaluation, aggregate, quartzite, alkali-silica reaction, cracks, service life Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Lisowski P. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
14. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Ignerowicz A.♦, Oleksik M.♦, Kucharski P.♦, Wpływ dodatków mineralnych w cemencie na stabilność napowietrzenia w betonie nawierzchniowym,
Magazyn Autostrady, ISSN: 1730-0703, Vol.1, pp.29-32, 2022Abstract: Artykuł przedstawia badania wpływu stosowania cementów z dodatkami mineralnymi CEM II/A-V 42,5 R, CEM II/B-S 42,5 N i CEM III/A 42,5 N na dystrybucję porów w mieszance betonowej przeznaczonej na górną warstwę nawierzchni betonowej zaprojektowanej na agresję środowiska XF4. Przeanalizowano zmiany charakterystyki porów w betonie od wykonania do wbudowania. Próbki pobrano bezpośrednio po wykonaniu mieszanki, po godzinie bezruchu i po wysokoenergetycznym mieszaniu po godzinie bezruchu. Określono charakterystykę porów, właściwości mieszanki betonowej oraz właściwości mechaniczne stwardniałego betonu. Przeanalizowano tendencje zmian całkowitej zawartości powietrza oraz zawartości mikroporów w betonie, wynikające z zastosowania cementu z dodatkami mineralnymi. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o kompatybilności układu domieszek napowietrzającej i uplastyczniającej z użytymi rodzajami cementu. Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ignerowicz A. | - | Atlas Sp. z o.o. (PL) | Oleksik M. | - | Atlas Sp. z o.o. (PL) | Kucharski P. | - | Atlas Sp. z o.o. (PL) |
| |
15. |
Kubissa W.♦, Dąbrowski M., Chojnacki B.♦, Glinicki M.A.♦, Durability of paving concrete produced in a laboratory setting and obtained in field at expressway construction site,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.021.023, Vol.20, pp.397-412, 2021Abstract: The article describes an experimental study of the properties of concrete designed for the construction of the bottom layer of two-layered road pavement with the exposed aggregate surface. Two types of materials were studied: industrially-produced concrete placed on a highway trial section using slip form technology and concrete produced in a laboratory setting, containing CEM II/A-V and CEM II/A-S Portland cement. The tested mixes contained granite or limestone coarse aggregate. The following basic performance properties were studied: compressive strength and split tensile strength, air void characteristics, freeze-thaw resistance, water absorption rate and chloride penetration. The mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance results obtained on the laboratory specimens were similar to those obtained on the cores drilled from the pavement. Despite the observed changes in the air void system parameters, mineral admixtures to Portland cements did not reduce the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. The compressive strength was higher by up to 19% and sorptivity decreased by up to 22% in concrete containing cement with mineral admixtures. Keywords: air-entrained concrete, air void characteristics, CEM I, CEM II/A-S, CEM II/A-V, durability, freeze-thaw resistance, road pavement, sorptivity Affiliations:
Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Chojnacki B. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | other affiliation |
| |
16. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Dziedzic K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Sikorin S.♦, Fateev V.S.♦, Povalansky E.I.♦, Early age hardening of concrete with heavy aggregate in gamma radiation source – impact on the modulus of elasticity and microstructural features,
Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, ISSN: 1346-8014, DOI: 10.3151/jact.19.555, Vol.19, No.5, pp.555-570, 2021Abstract: The effects of gamma irradiation on concrete properties during early hardening were studied towards radioactive waste storage or accelerated processing at precast plants. Concrete mixtures containing different mineral aggregates (baryte, magnetite, amphibolite) were investigated. During initial 16 hours of hardening the mixes were irradiated using 60Co gamma source at the rate of 3.5 kGy/h. The mechanical properties and microstructural features of irradiated early-age concrete were tested: the secant elastic modulus, the compressive strength, the porosity and pore size distribution. XRD and SEM analysis were also performed. The results indicate both the stiffening and pore refinement in concrete due to early gamma irradiation. Effects of early irradiation on microstructural features of cement matrix were found in the subsurface layer up to the depth of 2 mm. The influence of different mineral aggregates in concrete on the radiation-induced changes of early age properties is discussed. Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Sikorin S. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Fateev V.S. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Povalansky E.I. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) |
| |
17. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Influence of slag cement on the permeability of concrete for biological shielding structures,
Energies, ISSN: 1996-1073, DOI: 10.3390/en13174582, Vol.13, No.17, pp.4582-1-16, 2020Abstract: Durability of concrete designed for radiation shielding structures is an important issue in nuclear power plant safety. An investigation of the permeability of concrete containing heavyweight aggregates and water-bearing aggregates was performed with respect to gaseous and liquid media. Mix design was developed using Portland and slag cement, crushed magnetite and serpentine aggregate. The use of slag cement in concrete containing magnetite and serpentine aggregates resulted in the substantial improvement of the compressive strength in comparison with Portland cement concrete. The application of slag cement was found to reduce the chloride ingress, regardless of the special aggregate use. The coefficient of chloride migration was within the range 5 ÷ 8 × 10^−12 m^2/s and 17 ÷ 25 × 10^−12 m^2/s for slag cement concrete and Portland cement concrete, respectively. At the same time, the carbonation depth was increased twice for slag cement concrete in comparison to Portland cement concrete. However, the maximum carbonation depth after one year of exposure to 1% CO2 was only 14 mm for slag cement concrete, and 7 mm for reference concrete. The total pore volume evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry was influenced by the type of special aggregate used. It was shown that concrete with various contents of magnetite aggregate and slag cement achieved the smallest total pore volume. While serpentine coarse aggregate caused an increase in total pore volume in comparison to concrete with magnetite aggregate. Keywords: chloride permeability, carbonation, slag cement, radiation shielding concrete, microstructure, MIP, mix design, Portland cement, magnetite Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
18. |
Dziedzic K., Dąbrowski M., Antolik A., Glinicki A.♦, Characteristics of concrete mix air-entrainment applying the sequential pressure method / Charakterystyka napowietrzenia mieszanki betonowej metodą sekwencyjno-cioenieniową,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.020.007, Vol.19, No.2, pp.107-118, 2020Abstract: The purpose of introducing air into the concrete mix is to increase the freeze-thaw and scaling resistance of hardened concrete. The utility of the sequential pressure method (Super Air Meter - SAM) for assessment of the air entrainment quality was verified by comparing the results obtained with this method with the results of the air-void analysis of hardened concrete. The results of the tests carried out on mixes designed and produced at a laboratory and the mixes produced on an industrial scale during expressway construction are considered. Furthermore, the relationships between the SAM number and the micro air-void content A300 in hardened concrete and the freeze-thaw and de-icing salt resistance are analysed as part of this research. A clear co-relation between the SAM number, a parameter that characterises the air-entrainment of the concrete mix, and the microvoid content has been demonstrated.
Napowietrzenie mieszanki betonowej stosuje się w celu podwyższenia mrozoodporności betonu i jego odporności na złuszczenia powierzchniowe. Przeprowadzono badania możliwości charakteryzowania jakości napowietrzenia mieszanki betonowej za pomocą pomiarów metodą sekwencyjno-ciśnieniową, oceniając zgodność jej wyników z wynikami pomiaru charakterystyki porów w betonie stwardniałym. Przedstawiono wyniki badań mieszanek zaprojektowanych i wykonanych w laboratorium, jak i mieszanek wykonanych przemysłowo na budowie drogi ekspresowej. Analizowano relację tzw. liczby SAM mieszanki betonowej w odniesieniu do zawartości mikroporów A300 w stwardniałym betonie oraz odporności na cykliczne działanie mrozu w obecności soli odladzających. Wykazano wyraźną korelację między parametrem charakteryzującym napowietrzenie mieszanki betonowej (liczba SAM) a zawartością mikroporów w betonie stwardniałym. Keywords: air-entrainment, air-void parameters, concrete, freeze-thaw resistance, microvoid content, sequential pressure method, surface scaling / beton, charakterystyka porów, metoda sekwencyjno-cioenieniowa, mrozoodporność, napowietrzenie, zawartość mikroporów, złuszczenia powierzchniowe Affiliations:
Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki A. | - | other affiliation |
| |
19. |
Jaskulski R., Glinicki M.A., Kubissa W.♦, Dąbrowski M., Application of a non-stationary method in determination of the thermal properties of radiation shielding concrete with heavy and hydrous aggregate,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, ISSN: 0017-9310, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.07.050, Vol.130, pp.882-892, 2019Abstract: Results of measurements of the specific heat and the thermal conductivity of concrete with blended special aggregate for neutron and gamma radiation shielding are presented. Experimental tests were performed on concrete with heavyweight aggregate (magnetite, barite), hydrogen-bearing aggregate (serpentine) and amphibolite aggregate. The thermal properties of concrete were determined using a nonstationary method. The highest specific heat was found for concrete with serpentine aggregate. Simple models for predicting the specific heat and the thermal conductivity on the basis of concrete mix design were evaluated to include the blends of heavyweight and hydrogen-bearing aggregates. The thermal conductivity of concrete was found to be linearly dependent on the concrete density in the range from 2200 to 3500 kg/m3. Its increase due to water saturation of concrete was not dependent on the open porosity of concrete. It was found that the specific heat can be fairly well predicted using the rule of mixtures formula. The thermal conductivity of concrete can be approximately predicted using a parallel model in the case of water-saturated concrete. The thermal conductivity prediction for dry concrete is also discussed. Keywords: blended aggregate, concrete mix design, density, non-stationary method, open porosity, thermal properties, thermal conductivity, specific heat, radiation shielding Affiliations:
Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
20. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Dziedzic K., Antolik A., Validation of sequential pressure method for evaluation of the content of microvoids in air entrained concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.08.014, Vol.227, pp.116633-1-12, 2019Abstract: The suitability of the sequential air pressure method (SAM) to evaluate the quality of air entrainment in concrete mix to support prediction of durability of hardened concrete was studied. The experiments included both laboratory-produced mixes and on-site trials on mixes delivered for highway pavement construction. The fresh air content and the air void distribution was tested using the SAM apparatus. The air content and the air void characteristics in hardened concrete was tested using the microscopic analysis on polished sections. Standard fresh mix properties were also tested and the compressive strength and salt-scaling resistance of concrete was determined. Effects of type and proportion of admixtures, type of crushed aggregate, timing of SAM measurements and the method of mix consolidation were analyzed. The relationship between the SAM number and the air void characteristics in hardened concrete was critically evaluated. The relationship between SAM number and the content of microvoids (A300) is found for the laboratory mixes and confirmed with few field test results. The criterion of SAM number ≤ 0.4 is proposed for the target microvoids content A300 ≥ 1.5% and the enhanced salt scaling resistance of concrete. Keywords: air entrainment, air void distribution, concrete durability, fresh concrete, frost-salt scaling, microvoids content, mix design, sequential pressure method, spacing factor, test methods Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
21. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., The influence of fluidized bed combustion fly ash on the phase composition and microstructure of cement paste,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma12172838, Vol.12, No.17, pp.2838-1-14, 2019Abstract: Fly ashes from coal combustion in circulating fluidized bed boilers in three power plants were tested as a potential additive to cement binder in concrete. The phase composition and microstructure of cement pastes containing fluidized bed fly ash was studied. The fractions of cement substitution with fluidized bed fly ash were 20% and 30% by weight. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and thermal analyses (derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG)) were performed on ash specimens and on hardened cement paste specimens matured in water for up to 400 days. Quantitative evaluation of the phase composition as a function of fluidized bed fly ash content revealed significant changes in portlandite content and only moderate changes in the content of ettringite. Keywords: clean coal combustion, fluidized bed fly ash, microstructure, phase composition, portlandite, unburned carbon Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
22. |
Kubissa W.♦, Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Permeability testing of radiation shielding concrete manufactured at industrial scale,
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 1359-5997, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-018-1213-0, Vol.51, No.83, pp.1-15, 2018Abstract: The effect of the composition of industrial concrete designed for radiation shielding structures on the air permeability and the diffusion of moisture was studied. The mix design for heavyweight concrete of bulk density 3168–3317 kg/m3 was developed using barite and magnetite aggregate and cements blended with fly ash and blastfurnace slag. Structural elements, like columns of a height of 4 m and massive blocks made of mixtures with different cements were manufactured using ready mixed concrete pumped into the formwork. Core specimens were taken from the elements at different locations. The air permeability index was tested using Autoclam device. Evaluation of the quality of concrete on the basis of API results varied from “very good” to “good”. The moisture distribution inside concrete specimens was equilibrated to RH = 60 ± 5%. Observation of RH changes allowed to determine the moisture diffusion coefficient. Significant differences of the permeability and moisture diffusion coefficient depending on the location of the core specimens drilling and mix design of concrete were found. The D coefficient provided a good reflection of the different quality of heavyweight concrete in structural elements. Keywords: Air permeability, Autoclam, Barite, Blended cement, Cracking, Heavyweight aggregate, Magnetite, Moisture diffusion, Radiation shielding concrete, Relative humidity Affiliations:
Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
23. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., Brandt A.M.♦, Burakowska A.♦, Baran T.♦, The results of the concrete shield of the EWA nuclear reactor/Wyniki badania betonu z obudowy reaktora jądrowego EWA,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.3, pp.226-238, 2018Keywords: nuclear reactor, concrete shield, radiation influence Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Brandt A.M. | - | other affiliation | Burakowska A. | - | other affiliation | Baran T. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) |
| |
24. |
Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Skrzypczyński M.♦, Influence of curing on the properties of air-entrained concrete in the upper layer of exposed aggregate pavement-modelling study,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.XXII/LXXXIV, No.4, pp.271-281, 2017Abstract: Modelling studies in laboratory of the effect of curing on the mechanical properties and durability of the concrete pavement with exposed aggregate are presented. Air-entrained concrete was designed as the top layer of a motorway pavement with the use of two types of cements: CEM I and CEM III/A. The w/c increase (from 0.34 to 0.37) and change of cement type (CEM I 42.5N and CEM III/A 42.5 N) in properly air-entrained concrete did not influence significantly the internal frost resistance F200 - a decrease of the compressive strength after 200 freeze-thaw cycles was in the range from 4 to 12%. The lowest reduction of strength was observed for concrete with CEM I, w/c=0.34 and proper air entrainment. The properly air-entrained concrete layer with exposed aggregate, which was cured with a curing agent with closure capacity > 85%, was characterized by a very good resistance to surface scaling - the mass of scales m56 was equal to 0.10-0.12 kg/m2, irrespective of the type of cement and w/c ratio. However, there was a significant increase in the water absorption rate, surface scaling and chloride permeability, which caused with inadequate curing Keywords: air entrained concrete, curing, durability, exposed aggregate pavement, frost resistance, road pavement, permeability, scaling resistance Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Skrzypczyński M. | - | other affiliation |
| |
25. |
Glinicki M.A., Brandt A.M.♦, Dąbrowski M., Gibas K., Jaskulski R.♦, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Baran T.♦, Gryziński M.♦, Ładyżyński K.♦, Nowowiejski G.♦, Beton osłonowy w konstrukcjach narażonych na promieniowanie jonizujące,
INŻYNIERIA I BUDOWNICTWO, ISSN: 0021-0315, Vol.12, pp.637-643, 2017Abstract: W artykule opisano podstawowe wyniki uzyskane w trakcie realizacji projektu badawczego „Trwałość i skuteczność betonowych osłon przed promieniowaniem jonizującym w obiektach energetyki jądrowej” [1]. Przedstawiono też wytyczne techniczne i kryteria oceny betonu osłonowego. Uzyskane wyniki mogą stanowić podstawę dalszych prac przy projektowaniu obiektów elektrowni jądrowych, składowisk materiałów radioaktywnych i innych miejsc powstawania, stosowania lub przechowywania materiałów wytwarzających promieniowanie jonizujące. Artykuł obejmuje zagadnienia związane z wymaganą skutecznością betonowych konstrukcji osłonowych przez zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa personelu i otoczenia przed oddziaływaniem promieniowania jonizującego. Rozpatrzono również trwałość osłon betonowych, tzn. zachowanie właściwości mechanicznych i nieprzepuszczalności w okresie przewidzianej eksploatacji pod wpływem przewidywanych oddziaływań zewnętrznych i procesów starzenia, a także przy podwyższonej temperaturze i promieniowaniu jonizującym. Artykuł nie obejmuje zagadnień integralności osłon pod obciążeniami wyjątkowymi, spowodowanymi awarią reaktora, uderzeniem samolotu, działaniami terrorystycznymi itp. Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Brandt A.M. | - | other affiliation | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | other affiliation | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Baran T. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) | Gryziński M. | - | National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL) | Ładyżyński K. | - | Hydrobudowa-1 Betoniarnia-Laboratorium (PL) | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation |
| |
26. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Gibas K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Effects of calcareous fly ash in blended cements on chloride ions migration and strength of air entrained concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.115, Vol.126, pp.1044-1053, 2016Abstract: The influence of blended cements containing calcareous fly ash (W) on the strength and permeability of air entrained concrete was studied. Moderately active calcareous fly ash of CaO content of 26% and loss on ignition of 2%, obtained from lignite fired power station in Poland, was selected. Ternary cement compositions including siliceous fly ash (V) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (S) were also studied. Air void analysis in hardened concrete was used to evaluate the effectiveness of air entraining process. Pore size distribution was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The presence of calcareous fly ash in cement resulted in a moderate increase in the compressive strength of concrete and an increase of the category of resistance to chloride ion migration. Test results revealed a linear relationship between the capillary porosity measured by MIP and the chloride migration coefficient (Dnssm). The permeability was lower for increased clinker replacement level which was due to formation of smaller diameters of the capillary pores. Keywords: Air entrained concrete, Air void characteristics, Calcareous fly ash, Chloride ion migration, Multicomponent cements, Pore size distribution, Strength Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
27. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Gibas K., Dąbrowski M., Influence of Blended Cements with Calcareous Fly Ash on Chloride Ion Migration and Carbonation Resistance of Concrete for Durable Structures,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma9010018, Vol.9, No.1 (Special Issue: Utilisation of By-Product Materials in Concrete), pp.18-1-15, 2016Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine the possible use of new blended cements containing calcareous fly ash in structural concrete, potentially adequate for structural elements of nuclear power plants. The investigation included five new cements made with different contents of non-clinker constituents: calcareous fly ash, siliceous fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, and a reference cement—ordinary Portland cement. The influence of innovative cements on the resistance of concrete to chloride and carbonation exposure was studied. Additionally, an evaluation of the microstructure was performed using optical microscopy on concrete thin sections. Test results revealed a substantial improvement of the resistance to chloride ion penetration into concrete containing blended cements. The resistance was higher for increased clinker replacement levels and increased with curing time. However, concrete made with blended cements exhibited higher depth of carbonation than the Portland cement concrete, except the Portland-fly ash cement with 14.3% of calcareous fly ash. The thin sections analysis confirmed the values of the carbonation depth obtained from the phenolphthalein test. Test results indicate the possible range of application for new cements containing calcareous fly ash. Keywords: blended cements, calcareous fly ash, chloride migration, carbonation, durability, nuclear shielding concrete, thin sections Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
28. |
Glinicki M.A., Jaskulski R., Dąbrowski M., Design principles and testing of internal frost resistance of concrete for road structures – critical review,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.016.002, Vol.15, No.1, pp.21-43, 2016Abstract: We present a review of freeze-thaw durability requirements laid down in both European standards and in the national specifications in relation to concrete for road structures. The principles of material selection for concrete mix are presented. We discuss local variations in the severity of the winter season and the extent of frost action in the components of road structures. The characteristic parameters of the test procedure for direct assessment of the resistance of concrete to internal damage are analysed, with particular attention paid to the specimen cooling rate. The temperature distribution in specimens was determined in standard freeze-thaw resistance tests carried out at two accredited laboratories. We discuss the criteria used in indirect assessment of freeze-thaw durability of air-entrained concrete on the basis of air void characteristics. Based on the determined temperature distribution in concrete specimens we postulate an improvement of the standard test procedure to clearly specify the cooling rate. It would be beneficial to distinguish frost impact zones depending on the severity of action of frost and de-icing salts on concrete in road structures. Keywords: air void characteristics, concrete, cooling rate, durability, internal frost resistance, mix design, performance specification, test methods Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
29. |
Jaskulski R., Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Ranachowski Z., Sobczak M., Monitorowanie parametrów termicznych procesu twardnienia betonów osłonowych,
Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, ISSN: 2300-5130, DOI: 10.7862/rb.2016.14, Vol.XXXIII, No.63 (1/I/2016), pp.123-132, 2016Abstract: W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań parametrów termicznych procesu twardnienia mieszanek betonowych, z których dwie wykonano z wykorzystaniem kruszyw stosowanych w produkcji betonów osłonowych (kruszywo magnetytowe oraz serpentynitowe), a trzecią, referencyjną, z wykorzystaniem kruszywa amfibolitowego. Na podstawie analizy dokonanych pomiarów temperatury wyznaczono parametry procesu twardnienia betonu (m.in. maksymalny przyrost temperatury, maksymalny gradient i in.). Jednocześnie rozwiązując numerycznie tzw. zagadnie-nie odwrotne wyznaczono parametry cieplne betonu w trakcie pierwszych 72 godzin twardnienia. Tą samą metodą wyznaczono również wartości funkcji źródła ciepła, a następnie na jej podstawie oszacowano ilość ciepła wydzieloną w procesie hydratacji cementu. Uzyskano dobrą jakościową zgodność postaci funkcji źródła ciepła oraz wykresów zmian temperatury w mieszankach. W toku analiz uzyskanych wyników wyraźnie zaznaczył się wpływ zróżnicowania parametrów cieplnych zastosowanych kruszyw. W przypadku mieszanki z kruszywem serpentynitowym dały się także zauważyć istotne różnice w przebiegu przyrostu temperatury (opóźnienie) w stosunku do pozostałych mieszanek Keywords: młody beton, beton osłonowy, ciepło hydratacji, ciepło właściwe, współczynnik przewodzenia ciepła Affiliations:
Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Sobczak M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
30. |
Dąbrowski M., Gibas K., Brandt A.M.♦, Glinicki M.A., Wpływ kruszyw specjalnych na porowatość i przepuszczalność betonów osłonowych,
Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, ISSN: 2300-5130, DOI: 10.7862/rb.2016.11, Vol.XXXIII, No.63 (1/I/2016), pp.97-106, 2016Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki badań podciągania kapilarnego (PK), porowatości dostępnej dla wody (E) oraz współczynnika migracji jonów chlorkowych w stanie nieustalonym (Dnssm). Zakres badań obejmował betony z kruszywem magnetytowym, barytowym, serpentynitowym oraz kruszywem referencyjnym w postaci grysu amfibolitowego, które wcześniej poddane zostały selektywnemu kruszeniu i przesiewaniu, tak by zapewnić jednakowe krzywe uziarnienia/stosy okruchowe. Prze analizowano wpływ mikrostruktury porów wyznaczonej za pomocą porozymetrii rtęciowej z odpornością na wnikanie jonów i cieczy w matrycę cementową. Z badań wynika, że betony z kruszywami specjalnymi osiągają wskaźniki przepuszczalności porównywalne lub nieco gorsze niż próbki referencyjne. Nie zaobserwowano systematycznego wpływu porowatości kapilarnej na wyniki badań przepuszczalności. Keywords: podciąganie kapilarne, migracja jonów chlorkowych, kruszywo magnetytowe, kruszywo barytowe, kruszywo serpentynitowe, porowatość Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Brandt A.M. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
31. |
Ranachowski Z., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Ranachowski P., Dąbrowski M., Kúdela Jr S.♦, Dvorák T.♦, The determination of diffusive tortuosity in concrete specimens using X-ray microtomography,
ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS, ISSN: 1733-3490, DOI: 10.1515/amm-2015-0140, Vol.60, No.2, pp.1115-1119, 2015Abstract: The paper presents a method of pore connectivity analysis applied to specimens of cement based composites differing in water to cement ratio. The method employed X-ray microtomography (micro-CT). Microtomography supplied digitized three-dimensional radiographs of small concrete specimens. The data derived from the radiographs were applied as an input into the application based on the algorithm called ‘random walk simulation’. As the result a parameter called diffusive tortuosity was established and compared with estimated porosity of examined specimens.
Artykuł prezentuje metodę wyznaczania parametru charakteryzującego intensywność połączeń mikroporów w zastosowaniu do próbek kompozytów z matrycą cementową, różniących się stosunkiem wodnocementowym. Metoda bazuje na wynikach badań z zastosowaniem mikrotomografii rentgenowskiej. Analizowano zdigitizowane zestawy danych, opisujące trójwymiarową reprezentację mikrostruktury niewielkich próbek wykonanych z betonu. Przygotowane w ten sposób skany mikrostruktury zastosowano jako dane wejściowe wprowadzone do oprogramowania wykorzystujacego algorytm ‘przypadkowo migrujących cząstek wirtualnych’. W ten sposób wyznaczono parametr mikrostruktury znany jako krętość dyfuzyjna. Parametr ten porównano z porowatością obserwowaną wyznaczoną dla zbadanych próbek przy wykorzystaniu analizy jasności voxeli w analizowanych próbkach. Keywords: X-ray tomography, concrete microstructure, diffusive tortuosity Affiliations:
Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Ranachowski P. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Kúdela Jr S. | - | Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK) | Dvorák T. | - | Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK) |
| |
32. |
Ranachowski Z., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Ranachowski P., Rejmund F., Dąbrowski M., Kúdela Jr S.♦, Dvorák T.♦, Application of X-ray microtomography and optical microscopy to determine the microstructure of concrete penetrated by carbon dioxide,
ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS, ISSN: 1733-3490, DOI: 10.2478/amm-2014-0245, Vol.59, No.4, pp.1451-1457, 2014Abstract: In the paper two advanced methods for testing cement based composites are described and compared. These are X-ray microtomography and optical microscopy. Microtomography supplies three-dimensional images of small concrete specimens. In the tomograms all cracks, pores and other voids and inclusions, that exceed a few micrometers, are shown. Such visualisation can become a valuable tool for analysis of the basic material properties. Images obtained on thin sections and analysed with various methods on optical microscopes supply additional information on material microstructure that cannot be obtained in tomograms. For example it is relatively easy to determine zone penetrated by CO2 ingress. These two methods, presented on examples of tests, complete each another in order to supply a set of information on composition and defects of tested composite materials. Keywords: cement matrix composites, concrete deterioration, X-ray tomography, microscopic analysis, concrete microstructure Affiliations:
Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Ranachowski P. | - | IPPT PAN | Rejmund F. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Kúdela Jr S. | - | Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK) | Dvorák T. | - | Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK) |
| |
33. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Air void system parameters and frost resistance of air-entrained concrete containing calcareous fly ash,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.013.004, Vol.12, No.1, pp.41-55, 2013Abstract: The paper presents results of the investigation of the air void characteristics and the resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing of air-entrained concrete containing calcareous fly ash. The frost resistance was tested also under the presence of de-icing salts to check the resistance to frost-salt scaling and without de-icing salts. The range of investigation included air entrained concrete mixes with the specified water-binder ratio of w/b=0.45 with addition of calcareous fly ash or made using blended cements with calcareous fly ash (W), and also siliceous fly ash (V) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (S). The coarse aggregates used were crushed granodiorite and crushed limestone. The air-void system parameters were determined by microscopic image analysis and the effect of addition of calcareous fly ash was assessed. The effect of concrete age and presence of fly ash W on the strength and freeze-thaw resistance was also studied. The tests have shown that the use of calcareous fly ash as one of the main constituents of blended cements does not affect the frost salt scaling resistance nor the resistance to internal frost damage provided that the air void system is adequate. Keywords: air-void system parameters, blended cements, calcareous fly ash, freeze-thaw resistance, scaling resistance Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
34. |
Glinicki M.A., Krzywobłocka-Laurów R.♦, Ranachowski Z., Dąbrowski M., Wołowicz J., Microstructure analysis of concrete modified with addition of calcareous fly ash,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.013.013, Vol.12, No.2, pp.173-189, 2013Abstract: The investigation of concrete microstructure and phase composition was performed on concrete specimens produced with and without calcareous fly ash obtained from Bełchatów Power Station. The used calcareous fly ash (designated “W”) was either unprocessed or ground to assumed specific surface and added to concrete mix to substitute 30% of the binder by weight. The following testing methods were used in this research: scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and multiple microindentation. The characteristic features of the investigated microstructures are discussed and the effect of calcareous fly ash on the content of non-evaporable water and portlandite in cement matrix is analysed. The results of microindentation and compressive strength testing were used as the basis for evaluation of the efficiency of calcareous fly ash added to concrete mix. Keywords: calcareous fly ash, microindentation, microstructure, non-evaporable water, phase composition, portlandite, strength Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Krzywobłocka-Laurów R. | - | other affiliation | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Wołowicz J. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
35. |
Dąbrowski M., Gibas K., Nowowiejski G.♦, Glinicki M.A., Wpływ warunków dojrzewania na trwałość betonów napowietrzonych wykonanych z cementów wieloskładnikowych z popiołem lotnym wapiennym,
Budownictwo, Technologie, Architektura, ISSN: 1644-745X, Vol.2013, No.1, pp.72-75, 2013Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie, odporności na wnikanie chlorków oraz odporności na powierzchniowe łuszczenie w obecności soli odladzających betonów napowietrzonych z popiołem lotnym wapiennym (W). Próbki betonu dojrzewały w odmiennych warunkach wilgotnościowych. Zakres badań obejmował betony napowietrzone o współczynniku w/c=0,45 wykonane z cementów portlandzkich wieloskładnikowych z dodatkiem popiołu W oraz z dodatkami popiołu lotnego krzemionkowego V i mielonego granulowanego żużla wielkopiecowego S. Próbki dojrzewały przez 28 i 90 dni, z czego połowa w wodzie, natomiast druga połowa po 3 dniowej pielęgnacji w powietrzu w wilgotności RH=40%. Charakterystyka porów powietrznych w stwardniałym betonie została oznaczona metodą mikroskopowej analizy obrazu. Z badań wynika, że przy zbliżonych parametrach charakterystyki porów powietrznych zmiana warunków pielęgnacji próbek obniża w znaczący sposób trwałość betonu. Największy wpływ zmiennych warunków i czasów dojrzewania zaobserwowano w odniesieniu do odporności betonu na agresję mrozu i środków odladzających. Keywords: charakterystyka porów, napowietrzenie, penetracja chlorków, popiól lotny wapienny, powierzchniowe złuszczenie Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| |
36. |
Dąbrowski M., Małolepszy J.♦, Właściwości betonu z cementów z cementów żużlowo-wapiennych,
DROGI I MOSTY, ISSN: 1643-1618, No.4, pp.5-28, 2010Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki kompleksowych badań eksperymentalnych cementów żużlowo-wapiennych, wytworzonych przez zmieszanie klinkieru portlandzkiego z granulowanym żużlem wielkopiecowym i kamieniem wapiennym o różnym rozdrobnieniu. Wykonane z nich zaprawy poddano badaniu wytrzymałości na ściskanie oraz badaniu mikrostruktury porów za pomocą porozymetrii rtęciowej. Po ekspozycji próbek na agresję jonów siarczanowych i chlorkowych przez okres 360 dni dokonano obserwacji produktów korozyjnych w mikroskopie skaningowym. Zaprojektowano mieszanki betonowe napowietrzone i nie-napowietrzone z cementem hutniczym oraz wybranym cementem żużlowo-wapiennym. Przeprowadzono badania wytrzymałości na ściskanie, nasiąkliwości, mrozoodporności oraz mikrostruktury betonów. Stwierdzono, że częściowe zastąpienie klinkieru kamieniem wapiennym powoduje poprawienie urabialności mieszanki. Dodatek kamienia wapiennego obniżył wytrzymałość na ściskanie zapraw i betonów, a ich odporność na działanie środowisk agresywnych była podobna jak w przypadku cementu CEM III/A 32,5N-LH-HSR/NA Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Małolepszy J. | - | other affiliation |
| |