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Streszczenie:
This work aims to study a possible modification in the electronic structure of scandia-ceria-stabilized zirconia (10Sc1CeSZ) ceramics sintered at different temperatures. In addition to using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy to investigate the structural and electrical properties, we employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the chemical state information of the atoms involved, along with compositional analysis. As expected, a significant increase in grain ionic conductivity with the sintering temperature was present. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in the porosity of the samples, an increase in the grain size, and a transformation from the rhombohedral to the cubic phase. The phase transformation was detected not only using XRD, but also using XPS and, for this type of ceramic, XPS detected this transformation for the first time. In addition to the changes in the structural characteristics, the increase in the ionic conductivity was accompanied by a modification in the electronic structure of the ceramic surface. The XPS results showed that the surface of the ceramic sintered at the lower temperature of 1100 °C had a higher amount of Zr–OH bonds than the surface of the ceramic sintered at the higher temperature of 1400 °C. The existence of these Zr–OH bonds was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From this result, taken together with the difference between the oxygen/zirconium ratios in these ceramics, also identified using XPS, we conclude that there were fewer oxygen vacancies in the ceramic sintered at the lower temperature. It is argued that these two factors, together with the changes in the structural characteristics, have a direct influence on the conductive properties of the studied ceramics sintered at different temperatures.

Słowa kluczowe:
XPS, zirconia, scandia-ceria-stabilized zirconia, ScCSZ, SOFC

Słowa kluczowe:
graphene, curcuminoids, poly(vinyl chloride), nanocomposites stability, polymer films

Streszczenie:
A novel metal matrix composites (MMC) with Mg matrix reinforced with natural filler in the form of Didymosphenia geminata frustules (algae with distinctive siliceous shells) are presented in this work. Pulse plasma sintering (PPS) was used to manufacture Mg-based composites with 1, 5 and 10 vol.% ceramic filler. As a reference, pure Mg was sintered. The results show that the addition of 1 vol.% Didymosphenia geminata frustules to the Mg matrix increases its corrosion resistance by supporting passivation reactions, and do not affect the morphology of L929 fibroblasts. Addition of 5 vol.% the filler does not cause cytotoxic effects, but it supports microgalvanic reactions leading to the greater corrosion rate. Higher content than 5 vol.% the filler causes significant microgalvanic corrosion, as well as increases cytotoxicity due to the greater micro-galvanic effect of the composites containing 10 and 15 vol.% diatoms. The results of contact angle measurements show the hydrophilic character of the investigated materials, with slightly increase in numerical values with addition of amount of ceramic reinforcement. The addition of Didymosphenia geminata frustules causes changes in a thermo-elastic properties such as mean apparent value of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity (λ). The addition of siliceous reinforcement resulted in a linear decrease of CTE and reduction in thermal conductivity over the entire temperature range. With the increasing addition of Didymosphenia geminata frustules, an increase in strength with a decrease in compressive strain is observed. In all composites an increase in microhardness was attained.
The results clearly indicate that filler in the form of Didymosphenia geminata frustules may significantly change the most important properties of pure Mg, indicating its wide potential in the application of Mg-based composites with a special focus on biomedical use.

Słowa kluczowe:
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs),Pulse plasma sintering (PPS),Ceramic filler,Microstructure,Properties