1. |
Kiełczyński P.M., New Shear Horizontal (SH) Surface-Plasmon-Polariton-like Elastic Surface Waves for Sensing Applications,
SENSORS, ISSN: 1424-8220, DOI: 10.3390/s23249879, Vol.23, pp.1-25, 2023Streszczenie: The advent of elastic metamaterials at the beginning of the 21st century opened new ven- ues and possibilities for the existence of new types of elastic (ultrasonic) surface waves, which were deemed previously impossible. In fact, it is not difficult to prove that shear horizontal (SH) elastic surface waves cannot exist on the elastic half-space or at the interface between two conventional elastic half-spaces. However, in this paper we will show that SH elastic surface waves can propagate at the interface between two elastic half-spaces, providing that one of them is a metamaterial with a negative elastic compliance ?ସସ (?). If in addition, ?ସସ (?) changes with frequency ? as the dielec- tric function ?(?) in Drude’s model of metals, then the proposed SH elastic surface waves can be considered as an elastic analogue of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) electromagnetic waves, prop- agating at a metal-dielectric interface. Due to inherent similarities between the proposed SH elastic surface waves and SPP electromagnetic waves, the new results developed in this paper can be read- ily transferred into the SPP domain and vice versa. The proposed new SH elastic surface waves are characterized by a strong subwavelength confinement of energy in the vicinity of the guiding inter- face; therefore, they can potentially be used in subwavelength ultrasonic imaging, superlensing, and/or acoustic (ultrasonic) sensors with extremely high mass sensitivity. Słowa kluczowe: ultrasonic sensors, metamaterial elastic waveguides, negative elastic compliance, shear horizontal (SH) elastic surface waves, SPP electromagnetic waves, phase and group velocity, complex power flow, penetration depth, elastic-electromagnetic analogies Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P.M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 100p. |
2. |
Kiełczyński P., Szymański P.♦, Szalewski M., Wieja K., Balcerzak A., Ptasznik S.♦, Application of Density Measurements for Discrimination and Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Different Types of Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM),
Molecules, ISSN: 1420-3049, DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217600, Vol.27, pp.1-13, 2022Streszczenie: At present, the problem of identifying and controlling different types of Mechanically
Separated Meat (MSM) is a very important practical issue in the meat industry. To address this
challenge, the authors propose a new, analytical method for the discrimination and characterization
of MSM that uses density measurements. The method proposed by the authors, in contrast to the analytical methods existing so far, is rapid, non-destructive, relatively simple and can be computerized.
The density measurements of meat samples were conducted with a modified pycnometric method.
Statistically significant (p < 0.01) differences were found in the evaluated mean values of density
for all investigated types of meat. Subsequently, the density measurements were correlated with
the physicochemical properties of meat samples. A high correlation coefficient was found between
the density of meat samples and the content of protein, sodium and fat. The authors have proven
that density measurements allow for rapid discrimination of various types of MSM, and can also be
effectively used to determine the chemical composition of MSM samples, e.g., the content of protein,
fat and sodium.
Słowa kluczowe: Meat density; Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM); protein content; fat content; Sodium (Na) content; Calcium content (Ca) Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szymański P. | - | inna afiliacja | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 140p. |
3. |
Kiełczyński P., Relation between Mass Sensitivity and Complex Power Flow in Love Wave Sensors,
SENSORS, ISSN: 1424-8220, DOI: 10.3390/s22166100, Vol.22, pp.6100-1-18, 2022Streszczenie: In this paper, we investigate the connection between average power flows in Love wave waveguides with the mass sensitivity of Love wave sensors. In fact, loading with a Newtonian liquid gives rise to two extra power flows, in the transverse direction towards the loading Newtonian liquid.
The first is an active power flow feeding viscous losses in the Newtonian liquid and the second is a
reactive power flow that is responsible for the phase delay of the Love wave and consequently for the
changes in phase velocity of the Love wave. Since loading with a lossless mass also leads to changes
in the phase velocity, we assert that mass sensitivity Svps of Love wave sensors is connected to the
average reactive power flow, in the transverse direction x2, bouncing back and forth, between the
interior of the waveguide and the loading Newtonian liquid. Subsequently, we found the thickness
of the effective surface layer of mass that is equivalent to loading with a semi-infinite Newtonian
liquid. The analytical formulas developed in this paper are illustrated by the results of numerical
calculations performed for an exemplary Love wave waveguide composed of a PMMA surface layer
deposited on an ST-Quartz substrate.
Słowa kluczowe: Love wave sensors, active and reactive power flow, Poynting vector, mass sensitivity Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 100p. |
4. |
Kiełczyński P., Sensitivity of Love surface waves to mass loading,
Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, ISSN: 0924-4247, DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113465, Vol.338, pp.113465-1-9, 2022Streszczenie: The sensitivity of the phase velocity vp of Love surface waves to mass loading is a very important characteristic of Love wave devices. In this paper, we present a novel approach to evaluate the sensitivity of Love surface waves to loading with an infinitesimal layer of mass of a surface density σ[kg/m2]. To this end, we developed the analytical formulas for the mass coefficient of sensitivity Svp = (1/vp)dvp/dσ [m2/kg] and phase velocity gradients -dvp(f)/df and -dvp(h1)/dh1, where f and h1 stand, respectively, for frequency of the Love wave and thickness of the guiding surface layer. We also established analytical formulas that relate the mass sensitivity Svp with 1) the relative slope (gradient) -(1/vp)dvp/dh1 of the phase velocity dispersion curve vp(h1), and 2) the relative slope (gradient) -(1/vp)dvp/df of the phase velocity dispersion curve vp(f). These analytical formulas have been developed using full wave theory. We have discovered that the maxima of the mass sensitivity Svpσ (f), Svpσ (h1) and maxima of the relative gradients -(1/vp)dvp)⁄df, -(1/vp)dvp/dh1, occur virtually at the same values of f and h1. Comparing with the Perturbation Method and Finite Element Method (FEM), the analytical formulas established in this paper display some advantages, such as very low execution time of the mass sensitivity , and perhaps more importantly a possibility for a direct parametric optimization of the Love wave waveguide as a function of its material parameters, thickness of the guiding surface layer and wave frequency . Słowa kluczowe: Love wave waveguides, Analytical modeling of Love wave devices, Mass sensitivity, Dispersion curves, Optimization of Love wave sensors Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 100p. |
5. |
Kiełczyński P., New Surface-Plasmon-Polariton-Like Acoustic Surface Waves at the Interface Between Two Semi-Infinite Media,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142010, Vol.47, No.3, pp.363-371, 2022Streszczenie: This paper presents theory of new shear horizontal (SH) acoustic surface waves that propagate along the interface of two semi-infinite elastic half-spaces, one of which is a conventional elastic medium and a second one an elastic metamaterial with a negative and frequency dependent shear elastic compliance.
This new surface waves have only one transverse component of mechanical displacement, which has a maxi-mum at the interface and decays exponentially with distance from the interface. Similar features are also shown by the acoustic shear horizontal Maerfeld-Tournois surface waves propagating at the interface of two semi-infinite elastic media due to the piezoelectric effect that should occur in at least one semi-space.
The proposed new shear horizontal acoustic surface waves exhibit also strong formal similarities with the electromagnetic surface waves of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) type, propagating along a metal-dielectric planar interface. In fact, the new shear horizontal elastic surface waves possess a large number of properties that are inherent for the SPP electromagnetic surface waves, such as strong subwavelength concentration of the wave field in the proximity of the guiding interface, low phase and group velocity etc. As a result, the new shear horizontal acoustic surface waves can find applications in sensors with extremely high sensitivity, employed in measurements of various physical parameters, such as viscosity of liquids, as well as in biosensors, chemosensors, or a near field acoustic microscopy (subwavelength imaging) and miniaturized devices of microwave acoustics. Słowa kluczowe: shear horizontal acoustic waves, surface plasmon polaritons, phase velocity, group velocity, Poynting vector Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 100p. |
6. |
Wieja K., Kiełczyński P., Szymański P.♦, Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Ptasznik S.♦, Identification and investigation of mechanically separated meat (MSM) with an innovative ultrasonic method,
Food Chemistry, ISSN: 0308-8146, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128907, Vol.348, pp.128907-1-9, 2021Streszczenie: An innovative analytical ultrasonic method for identification and investigation of Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM) samples is presented. To this end, the ultrasonic wave velocity (f = 5 MHz) in the investigated meat samples was measured. The measured ultrasonic velocity ranged from 1553.4 to 1589.9 m/s. The investigations were performed for: 1) minced hand deboned chicken fillets, 2) low pressure MSM from chicken carcasses, 3) low pressure MSM from chicken collarbones, 4) high pressure MSM from chicken carcasses and 5) high pressure MSM from chicken collarbones. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences in the ultrasonic velocity were observed for each of investigated kinds of meat. High significant correlations were found between the ultrasonic velocity and the content of protein, fat, sodium and density of the investigated meat. The applicability of the developed ultrasonic method for identifying various kinds of meat and to determine the content of protein, fat, sodium and density was demonstrated. Słowa kluczowe: physicochemical parameters, mechanically separated meat, ultrasonic velocity, protein content, calcium content, fat content Afiliacje autorów:
Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szymański P. | - | inna afiliacja | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 200p. |
7. |
Balcerzak A., Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M.♦, Wieja K., SAW sensor with Langmuir-Blodgett layer for detection of benzene and its derivatives,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136557, Vol.46, No.1, pp.25-30, 2021Streszczenie: Vapors of benzene and its derivatives are harmful and toxic for human beings and natural environment. Their detection has fundamental importance. For this purpose authors propose surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor with skeletonized layer deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) method. This layer was obtained by depositing a binary equimolar mixture of 5-[[1,3-dioxo-3-[4-(1-oxooctadecyl) phenyl]propyl]amino]–1,3–benzenedicarboxylic acid with cetylamine. The skeletonized sensor layer has been obtained by removing cetylamine. Response of this sensor depends mainly of the electrical dipole momentum of molecule. Among the tested compounds, benzene has a zero dipole moment and gives the smallest sensor response, and nitrobenzene has the largest dipole moment and the sensor reacts most strongly to its vapor. Słowa kluczowe: SAW sensor, Langmuir-Blodget layer, vapors, benzene, benzene derivatives Afiliacje autorów:
Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 100p. |
8. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Wieja K., New theoretical model for mass sensitivity of Love wave sensors,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136556, Vol.46, No.1, pp.17-24, 2021Streszczenie: In this work we analyse basic characteristics of Love wave sensors implemented in waveguide structures composed of a lossy viscoelastic surface layer deposited on a lossless elastic substrate. It has to be noted that Love wave sensors working at ultrasonic frequencies have the highest mass density sensitivity S among all known ultrasonic sensors, such as QCM, Lamb wave or Rayleigh wave sensors. In this paper we have established an exact analytical formula for the mass density sensitivity S of the Love wave sensors in the form of an explicit algebraic expression. Subsequently, using this developed analytical formula, we compared theoretically the mass density sensitivity S for various Love wave waveguide structures, such as: (1) lossy PMMA surface layer on lossless Quartz substrate and (2) lossy PMMA on lossless Diamond substrate. The performed analysis shows that the mass density sensitivity S (real and imaginary part) for a sensor with a structure PMMA on Diamond is five times higher than that of a PMMA on Quartz structure. It was found that the mass density sensitivity S for Love wave sensors increases with the increase of the ratio: bulk shear wave velocity in the substrate to bulk shear wave velocity in the surface layer. Słowa kluczowe: Love wave sensors, mass sensitivity, complex dispersion equation, viscoelastic layers Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 100p. |
9. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Dispersion curves of Love waves in elastic waveguides loaded with a Newtonian liquid layer of finite thickness,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.129738, Vol.45, No.1, pp.19-27, 2020Streszczenie: In this paper, the authors analyse the propagation of surface Love waves in an elastic layered waveguide (elastic guiding layer deposited on an elastic substrate) covered on its surface with a Newtonian liquid layer of finite thickness. By solving the equations of motion in the constituent regions (elastic substrate, elastic surface layer and Newtonian liquid) and imposing the appropriate boundary conditions, the authors established an analytical form of the complex dispersion equation for Love surface waves. Further, decomposition of the complex dispersion equation into its real and imaginary part, enabled for evaluation of the phase velocity and attenuation dispersion curves of the Love wave. Subsequently, the influence of the finite thickness of a Newtonian liquid on the dispersion curves was evaluated. Theoretical (numerical) analysis shows that when the thickness of the Newtonian liquid layer exceeds approximately four penetration depths 4δ of the wave in a Newtonian liquid, then this Newtonian liquid layer can be regarded as a semi-infinite half-space. The results obtained in this paper can be important in the design and optimization of ultrasonic Love wave sensors such as: biosensors, chemosensors and viscosity sensors. Love wave viscosity sensors can be used to assess the viscosity of various liquids, e.g. liquid polymers. Słowa kluczowe: Love waves, ultrasonic sensors, Newtonian liquid, penetration depth, biosensors, chemosensors, viscosity sensors Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 70p. |
10. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Impact of losses on Love wave propagation in multilayered composite structures loaded with a Newtonian liquid,
JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL, ISSN: 1077-5463, DOI: 10.1177/1077546320916041, Vol.26, No.23-24, pp.2221-2229, 2020Streszczenie: In this study, we analyze theoretically and numerically the properties of Love surface waves propagating in lossy multilayered composite waveguides, loaded on the upper surface with a Newtonian liquid. The propagation of Love surface waves was formulated in terms of a direct Sturm–Liouville problem. An analytical form of the complex dispersion equation of the Love surface wave was derived using the Thomson–Haskell transfer matrix method. By separating the complex dispersion equation into its real and imaginary parts, we obtained a set of two nonlinear algebraic equations, which were subsequently solved numerically. The effect of various physical parameters of the lossy viscoelastic waveguide on the velocity and attenuation of the Love surface wave was then analyzed numerically. It was found that because of the presence of losses in the analyzed waveguide, Love surface waves displayed a number of new original phenomena, such as resonant-like maxima in attenuation as a function of thicknesses h1 of the first viscoelastic surface layer and thickness h2 of the second elastic surface layer. These phenomena are completely absent in lossless waveguides. Słowa kluczowe: lossy waveguides, nondestructive testing of polymeric layered structures, Love surface waves, viscoelastic materials Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 70p. |
11. |
Kiełczyński P., Ptasznik S.♦, Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Rostocki A.J.♦, Application of ultrasonic methods for evaluation of high-pressure physicochemical parameters of liquids,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.128496, Vol.44, No.2, pp.329-337, 2019Streszczenie: An emerging ultrasonic technology aims to control high-pressure industrial processes that use liquids at pressures up to 800 MPa. To control these processes it is necessary to know precisely physicochemical properties of the processed liquid (e.g., Camelina sativa oil) in the high-pressure range. In recent years, Camelina sativa oil gained a significant interest in food and biofuel industries. Unfortunately, only a very few data characterizing the high-pressure behavior of Camelina sativa oil is available. The aim of this paper is to investigate high pressure physicochemical properties of liquids on the example of Camelina sativa oil, using efficient ultrasonic techniques, i.e., speed of sound measurements supported by parallel measurements of density. It is worth noting that conventional low-pressure methods of measuring physicochemical properties of liquids fail at high pressures. The time of flight (TOF) between the two selected ultrasonic impulses was evaluated with a cross-correlation method. TOF measurements enabled for determination of the speed of sound with very high precision (of the order of picoseconds). Ultrasonic velocity and density measurements were performed for pressures 0.1–660 MPa, and temperatures 3–30 °C. Isotherms of acoustic impedance Za, surface tension σ and thermal conductivity k were subsequently evaluated. These physicochemical parameters of Camelina sativa oil are mainly influenced by changes in the pressure p, i.e., they increase about two times when the pressure increases from atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) to 660 MPa at 30 °C. The results obtained in this study are novel and can be applied in food,and chemical industries. Słowa kluczowe: ultrasonic methods, speed of sound, acoustic impedance, surface tension, thermal conductivity, physicochemical properties Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
| | 70p. |
12. |
Kiełczyński P., Direct Sturm–Liouville problem for surface Love waves propagating in layered viscoelastic waveguides,
Applied Mathematical Modelling, ISSN: 0307-904X, DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2017.09.013, Vol.53, pp.419-432, 2018Streszczenie: This paper presents theoretical model for shear-horizontal (SH) surface acoustic waves of the Love type propagating in lossy waveguides consisting of a lossy viscoelastic layer de- posited on a lossless elastic half-space. To this end, a direct Sturm–Liouville problem that describes Love waves propagation in the considered viscoelastic waveguides was formu- lated and solved, what constitutes a novel approach to the state-of-the-art. To facilitate the solution of the complex dispersion equation, the Author employed an original ap- proach that relies on the separation of its real and imaginary part. By separating the real and imaginary parts of the resulting complex dispersion equation for a complex wave vec- tor k = k 0 + j αof the Love wave, a system of two real nonlinear transcendental algebraic equations for k 0 and αhas been derived. The resulting set of two algebraic transcenden- tal equations was then solved numerically. Phase velocity v p and coefficient of attenuation αwere calculated as a function of the wave frequency f, thickness of the surface layer h and its viscosity η44. Dispersion curves for Love waves propagating in lossy waveguides, with a lossy surface layer deposited on a lossless substrate, were compared to those cor- responding to Love surface waves propagating in lossless waveguides, i.e., with a lossless surface layer deposited on a lossless substrate. The results obtained in this paper are orig- inal and to some extent unexpected. Namely, it was found that: 1) the phase velocity v p of Love surface waves increases as a function of viscosity η44 of the lossy surface layer, and 2) the coefficient of attenuation αhas a maximum as a function of thickness h of the lossy surface layer. The results obtained in this paper are novel and can be applied in geo- physics, seismology and in the optimal design and development of viscosity sensors, bio and chemosensors. Słowa kluczowe: Sturm–Liouville problem, Complex dispersion equation, Surface acoustic love waves, Eigenvalues, Elastic waves, Viscoelastic waveguides Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 35p. |
13. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Rostocki A.♦, Ptasznik S.♦, Evaluation of High-Pressure Thermophysical Parameters of the Diacylglycerol (DAG) Oil Using Ultrasonic Waves,
Food and Bioprocess Technology, ISSN: 1935-5130, DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1827-6, Vol.10, No.2, pp.358-369, 2017Streszczenie: Modeling of high-pressure technological processes in the food industry requires knowledge of thermophysical parameters of processed foodstuffs in a broad range of pressures and temperatures. However, the high-pressure thermophysical parameters of foodstuffs are very rarely published in the literature. Therefore, further research is necessary to achieve a deeper insight into the biophysical and thermophysical phenomena under pressure to provide better control of technological processes and optimize the effects of pressure. The essential goal of this work is to evaluate the impact of high pressure and temperature on the thermophysical parameters of liquid foodstuffs on the example of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil (which attracted recently a considerable attention from research and industrial communities due to its remarkable benefits for health), using ultrasonic wave velocity and density measurements. Isotherms of adiabatic and isothermal compressibility, isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, internal pressure, and thermal pressure coefficient versus pressure were evaluated, based on the measurement of the compressional ultrasonic wave velocity and density of DAG oil at high pressures (up to 500 MPa) and at various temperatures. The adiabatic compressibility is affected mostly by the changes of pressure, i.e., it grows about four times when the pressure increases from the atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) to 400 MPa at a temperature of 50 °C. By contrast, the internal pressure is a pronounced function of the temperature, i.e., it increases six times when the temperature rises from 20 to 50 °C at a pressure of a 200 MPa. To perform numerical calculations, it was convenient to introduce a Tammann–Tait type equation of state to approximate the measured density isotherms of the investigated DAG oil. The results obtained in this paper can be applied in modeling and optimization of high-pressure technological processes and processing of foodstuffs. Evaluation of high-pressure isotherms of the considered thermophysical parameters of the DAG oil is an original authors' contribution to the state-of-the-art. Słowa kluczowe: high-pressure food processing, diacylglycerols, thermophysical parameters, isothermal compressibility, isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, ultrasonic methods Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 50p. |
14. |
Kiełczyński P., Ptasznik S.♦, Szalewski M.♦, Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Rostocki A.J.♦, Thermophysical properties of rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) at high pressures and various temperatures evaluated by ultrasonic methods,
Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN: 0961-9534, DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.09.015, Vol.107, pp.113-121, 2017Streszczenie: Investigation of the high-pressure thermophysical properties of biofuels, e.g., bulk modulus, Surface tension, and viscosity is of paramount importance in fuel injection systems in diesel engines. Another crucial and dangerous phenomenon that may occur in biofuels at high pressures is phase transition (solidification), which can drastically increase the viscosity of the biofuel. This effect may hamper proper operation of the engine, especially under cold-start conditions. Unfortunately, the availability of highpressure thermophysical properties of biofuels is still limited. The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of high pressures on thermophysical properties of biofuels on the example of rapeseed fatty acid methyl esters (RME) in a wide range of pressures (0:1 to 250 MPa) and temperatures (5 to 20 _C). To this end we employed innovative ultrasonic techniques, i.e., the Bleustein-Gulyaev surface acoustic waves for measuring RME viscosity, and ultrasonic bulk compressional waves for measuring sound velocity in RME and consequently evaluating RME thermophysical parameters, e.g., bulk modulus and surface tension. The viscosity of the measured RME displayed an abrupt increase at pressures: 260 MPa (t Ľ 20 _C), 230 MPa (t Ľ 15 _C), 190 MPa (t Ľ 10 _C), and 130 MPa (t Ľ 5 _C). Evidently it was a signature of the phase transition (solidification) occurring in the RME. The discovered high viscosity high-pressure phase in RME can be very detrimental for operation of modern common rail Diesel engines. Therefore, the results of research presented in this paper should be interesting for engineers and designers working with modern common rail Diesel engines using biofuels. Słowa kluczowe: Biofuels, Methyl esters, Phase transitions, Viscosity, Speed of sound, Ultrasonic methods, High pressure Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) | Szalewski M. | - | inna afiliacja | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
| | 35p. |
15. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Propagation of ultrasonic Love waves in nonhomogeneous elastic functionally graded materials,
Ultrasonics, ISSN: 0041-624X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.10.001, Vol.65, pp.220-227, 2016Streszczenie: This paper presents a theoretical study of the propagation behavior of ultrasonic Love waves in nonhomogeneous functionally graded elastic materials, which is a vital problem in the mechanics of solids. The elastic properties (shear modulus) of a semi-infinite elastic half-space vary monotonically with the depth (distance from the surface of the material). The Direct Sturm–Liouville Problem that describes the propagation of Love waves in nonhomogeneous elastic functionally graded materials is formulated and solved by using two methods: i.e., (1) Finite Difference Method, and (2) Haskell-Thompson Transfer Matrix Method.
The dispersion curves of phase and group velocity of surface Love waves in inhomogeneous elastic graded materials are evaluated. The integral formula for the group velocity of Love waves in nonhomogeneous elastic graded materials has been established. The effect of elastic non-homogeneities on the dispersion curves of Love waves is discussed. Two Love wave waveguide structures are analyzed: (1) a nonhomogeneous elastic surface layer deposited on a homogeneous elastic substrate, and (2) a semi-infinite nonhomogeneous elastic half-space. Obtained in this work, the phase and group velocity dispersion curves of Love waves propagating in the considered nonhomogeneous elastic waveguides have not previously been reported in the scientific literature. The results of this paper may give a deeper insight into the nature of Love waves propagation in elastic nonhomogeneous functionally graded materials, and can provide theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of Love wave based devices. Słowa kluczowe: Ultrasonic Love waves, Functionally graded materials, Profiles of elastic constants, Direct Sturm–Liouville Problem, Group velocity Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 30p. |
16. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Inverse Method for Determining Profiles of Elastic Parameters in the Functionally Graded Materials using Love Waves,
ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA, ISSN: 1610-1928, DOI: 10.3813/AAA.918961, Vol.102, pp.428-435, 2016Streszczenie: This paper presents the use of SH (Shear Horizontal) surface Love waves to determine the distributions of elastic parameters in nonhomogeneous Functionally Graded Materials. The advantage of Love waves applied to investigate the elastic properties of materials is that the Love wave energy (in contrast to the other types of waves, e.g., plate Lamb waves) is concentrated in the vicinity of the surface layer. The penetration depth of the SH surface Love waves depends on the frequency. Therefore, Love waves are particularly suitable for investigating the profiles of the mechanical properties in nonhomogeneous Graded Materials. Direct Problem (Direct Sturm-Liouville Problem) that describes the propagation of Love waves in nonhomogeneous graded materials has been formulated and solved numerically by applying the Transfer Matrix Method. The Inverse Procedure (Inverse Sturm-Liouville Problem) for determining the distribution of elastic properties versus depth in the nonhomogeneous materials has been developed. Love wave dispersion curves in nonhomogeneous graded materials were evaluated numerically (synthetic data). Using the evaluated dispersion curves of Love waves and a developed Inverse Procedure the distributions of elastic shear coefficient as a function of depth (distance from the surface of the material into the bulk) in a heterogeneous surface layer deposited on a homogeneous substrate have been evaluated. Power type profiles (i.e., root square, linear and quadratic) of the shear elastic coefficient in the surface layer were considered. The results of this study can be useful in the investigation of elastic properties of Graded Materials in electronics as well as in geophysics and seismology. Słowa kluczowe: Love waves, Inverse Methods, Functionally Graded Materials, Elastic parameters, Sturm-Liouville Problem Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 25p. |
17. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Rostocki A.J.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Ultrasonic Evaluation of Thermodynamic Parameters of Liquids Under High Pressure,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, ISSN: 0885-3010, DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007053, Vol.62, No.6, pp.1122-1131, 2015Streszczenie: In many technological processes (e.g., in the chemical, petrochemical, food, and plastics industries), liquids are subjected to high pressures and temperatures. Therefore, knowledge of their thermodynamic properties is essential for understanding, design, and control of the process technology. Direct evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters of liquids under high pressure, using conventional methods, is very difficult. Therefore, the application of these methods in industrial conditions, particularly in on-line control of the technological parameters of liquids, is practically impossible. Ultrasonic methods (e.g., sound speed measurements) are very suitable for this purpose because of their simplicity and accuracy. The sound velocity is closely related to numerous thermodynamic properties of liquids. The objective of this paper is to address the influence of temperature and pressure on the thermodynamic parameters of liquids, using the example of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, employing ultrasonic methods. In this paper, we present ultrasonic velocity and density measurements (performed by the authors) in DAG oil over a range of pressures and temperatures. On the basis of experimental results (the sound velocity and liquid density versus pressure and temperature) a series of DAG oil thermodynamic parameters such as specific heat ratio, intermolecular free path length, Van der Waals constant b, surface tension, and effective Debye temperature were evaluated as functions of pressure and temperature. Słowa kluczowe: Thermodynamical properties of liquid, High pressure food processing, ultrasonic methods, sound velocity, surface tension Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
| | 30p. |
18. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Group and Phase Velocity of Love Waves Propagating in Elastic Functionally Graded Materials,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0030, Vol.40, No.2, pp.273-281, 2015Streszczenie: This paper presents a theoretical study of the propagation behaviour of surface Love waves in nonhomogeneous functionally graded elastic materials, which is a vital problem in acoustics. The elastic properties (shear modulus) of a semi-infinite elastic half-space vary monotonically with the depth (distance from the surface of the material). Two Love wave waveguide structures are analyzed: 1) a nonhomogeneous elastic surface layer deposited on a homogeneous elastic substrate, and 2) a semi-infinite nonhomogeneous elastic half-space. The Direct Sturm-Liouville Problem that describes the propagation of Love waves in nonhomogeneous elastic functionally graded materials is formulated and solved 1) analytically in the case of the step profile, exponential profile and 1cosh2 type profile, and 2) numerically in the case of the power type profiles (i.e. linear and quadratic), by using two numerical methods: i.e. a) Finite Difference Method, and b) Haskell-Thompson Transfer Matrix Method.
The dispersion curves of phase and group velocity of surface Love waves in inhomogeneous elastic graded materials are evaluated. The integral formula for the group velocity of Love waves in nonhomogeneous elastic graded materials has been established. The results obtained in this paper can give a deeper insight into the nature of Love waves propagation in elastic nonhomogeneous functionally graded materials. Słowa kluczowe: surface Love waves, group velocity, phase velocity, functionally graded materials, profiles of elastic constants, direct Sturm-Liouville problem Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 15p. |
19. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Rostocki A.J.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Ptasznik S.♦, Application of ultrasonic wave celerity measurement for evaluation of physicochemical properties of olive oil at high pressure and various temperatures,
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 0023-6438, DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.01.027, Vol.57, pp.253-259, 2014Streszczenie: High-pressure processing is a powerful technology for food preservation. The knowledge of foods properties in the high-pressure range is important to develop and optimize such processes by means of mathematical modeling and simulation. Ultrasonic methods are rapid, non-invasive and can be used to characterize foods like edible oils (e.g., composition, purity, and quality assessment). In this paper, they were applied for the investigation of physicochemical properties of olive oil at high pressure at different temperatures. The sound wave velocity was measured by the pulse-transmission method and the corresponding oil density was additionally determined from the monitoring of sample volume change. Measurements were conducted in the pressure range up to 600 MPa, for temperatures from 20 to 50°C. Intermolecular free length, isothermal and adiabatic compressibility versus pressure were calculated using measured sound speed and density isotherms. Discontinuities in the measured isotherms of sound speed and density versus pressure indicate the presence of liquid-to-solid phase transitions. The kinetics of the liquid-to-solid phase transition was also investigated. The transformation times of olive oil augment with increasing temperature. This study can be broadened to other liquid foodstuffs to investigate the influence of temperature on their physicochemical properties at high pressure. Słowa kluczowe: Physicochemical properties, Intermolecular free length, Ultrasonic velocity, High-pressure food processing, Olive oils Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 35p. |
20. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Malanowski A.♦, Kościesza R.♦, Tarakowski R.♦, Rostocki A.J.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Determination of physicochemical properties of diacylglycerol oil at high pressure by means of ultrasonic methods,
Ultrasonics, ISSN: 0041-624X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.06.013, Vol.54, No.8, pp.2134-2140, 2014Streszczenie: The purpose of the paper is to address, using ultrasonic methods, the impact of temperature and pressure on the physicochemical properties of liquids on the example of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil. The paper presents measurements of sound velocity, density and volume of DAG oil sample in the pressure range from atmospheric pressure up to 0.6 GPa and at temperatures ranging from 20 to 50°C.
Sound speed measurements were performed in an ultrasonic setup with a DAG oil sample located in the high-pressure chamber. An ultrasonic method that uses cross-correlation method to determine the time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulses through the liquid was employed to measure the sound velocity in DAG oil. This method is fast and reliable tool for measuring sound velocity. The DAG oil density at high pressure was determined from the monitoring of sample volume change. The adiabatic compressibility and isothermal compressibility have been calculated on the basis of experimental data. Discontinuities in isotherms of the sound speed versus pressure point to the existence of phase transitions in DAG oil. The ultrasonic method presented in this study can be applied to investigate the physicochemical parameters of other liquids not only edible oils. Słowa kluczowe: Ultrasonic methods, Sound velocity, Phase transitions, High pressure food processing, Physicochemical parameters Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Malanowski A. | - | inna afiliacja | Kościesza R. | - | inna afiliacja | Tarakowski R. | - | inna afiliacja | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
| | 30p. |
21. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Inverse procedure for simultaneous evaluation of viscosity and density of Newtonian liquids from dispersion curves of Love waves,
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, ISSN: 0021-8979, DOI: 10.1063/1.4891018, Vol.116, pp.044902-1-7, 2014Streszczenie: Simultaneous determination of the viscosity and density of liquids is of great importance in the monitoring of technological processes in the chemical, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industry, as well as in geophysics. In this paper, the authors present the application of Love waves for simultaneous inverse determination of the viscosity and density of liquids. The inversion procedure is based on measurements of the dispersion curves of phase velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic Love waves. The direct problem of the Love wave propagation in a layered waveguide covered by a viscous liquid was formulated and solved. Love waves propagate in an elastic layered waveguide covered on its surface with a viscous (Newtonian) liquid. The inverse problem is formulated as an optimization problem with appropriately constructed objective function that depends on the material properties of an elastic waveguide of the Love wave, material parameters of a liquid (i.e., viscosity and density), and the experimental data. The results of numerical calculations show that Love waves can be efficiently applied to determine simultaneously the physical properties of liquids (i.e., viscosity and density). Sensors based on this method can be very attractive for industrial applications to monitor on-line the parameters (density and viscosity) of process liquid during the course of technological processes, e.g., in polymer industry. Słowa kluczowe: Viscosity, Inverse problems, Wave attenuation, Mechanical waves, Viscosity measurements Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 30p. |
22. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Transistor Effect in the Cochlear Amplifier,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.2478/aoa-2014-0012, Vol.39, No.1, pp.117-124, 2014Streszczenie: The paper presents a new electromechanical amplifying device i.e., an electromechanical biological transistor. This device is located in the outer hair cell (OHC), and constitutes a part of the Cochlear amplifier. The physical principle of operation of this new amplifying device is based on the phenomenon of forward mechanoelectrical transduction that occurs in the OHC's stereocilia. Operation of this device is similar to that of classical electronic Field Effect Transistor (FET). In the considered electromechanical transistor the input signal is a mechanical (acoustic) signal. Whereas the output signal is an electric signal. It has been shown that the proposed electromechanical transistor can play a role of the active electromechanical controlled element that has the ability to amplify the power of input AC signals. The power required to amplify the input signals is extracted from a battery of DC voltage. In the considered electromechanical transistor, that operates in the amplifier circuit, mechanical input signal controls the flow of electric energy in the output circuit, from a battery of DC voltage to the load resistance. Small signal equivalent electrical circuit of the electromechanical transistor is developed. Numerical values of the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit were evaluated. The range, which covers the levels of input signals (force and velocity) and output signals (voltage, current) was determined. The obtained data are consistent with physiological data. Exemplary numerical values of currents, voltages, forces, vibrational velocities and power gain (for the assumed input power levels below 1 picowatt (10-12 W)), were given. This new electromechanical active device (transistor) can be responsible for power amplification in the cochlear amplifier in the inner ear. Słowa kluczowe: cochlear amplifier, acoustoelectric transducers, electromechanical transistor, equivalent circuits, field effect transistors, ion currents Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 15p. |
23. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Wieja K., Rostocki A.J.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Thermodynamic Method for Measuring the B/A Nonlinear Parameter Under High Pressure,
ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS (ROZPRAWY INŻYNIERSKIE), ISSN: 0867-888X, Vol.62, No.1, pp.5-15, 2014Streszczenie: The nonlinearity parameter B/A is a measure of the nonlinearity of the equation of state for a fluid. The nonlinearity parameter B/A is a physical parameter often used in acoustics, from underwater acoustics to biology and medicine. It can provide information about structural properties of the medium, internal pressure and inter-molecular spacing. The thermodynamic method has been applied for determination of B/A parameter in diacylglycerol (DAG) oil as a function of pressure at various temperatures. Isotherms of the density and phase velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic wave as a function of pressure have been measured. Using the thermo- dynamic method along with measured isotherms of sound speed and density, the nonlinearity parameter B/A (for DAG oil) was evaluated as a function of pressure (up to 220 MPa) at various temperatures ranging from 20 to 50◦C.
Słowa kluczowe: Nonlinearity parameter B/A, thermodynamic method, high pressure, longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Wieja K. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
| | 7p. |
24. |
Rostocki A.J.♦, Tarakowski R.♦, Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Ptasznik S.♦, The Ultrasonic Investigation of Phase Transition in Olive Oil up to 0,7 GPa,
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY, ISSN: 0003-021X, DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2223-2, Vol.90, No.6, pp.813-818, 2013Streszczenie: This paper presents measurements of sound velocity and attenuation in olive oil, with known chemical composition, as a function of pressure, within the range of pressure up to 0.7 GPa. Dependencies of sound velocity, relative ultrasonic wave attenuation, volume, and adiabatic compressibility on pressure show discontinuities. This proves the existence of the first order phase transition in olive oil (liquid to solid-like phase transition). Rapid and large changes in relative attenuation testify to the existence of a phase transition in olive oil. Moreover, the kinetics of phase transition was also investigated. Measurement of acoustic wave velocity and relative attenuation in olive oil during the phase transition and in the high-pressure phase is a novelty. The results obtained can be useful in the development of new methods in food (edible oils) control, processing, and preservation. Słowa kluczowe: Vegetable oils, Sound velocity, Triacylglycerols, Phase transition, High pressure Afiliacje autorów:
Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Tarakowski R. | - | inna afiliacja | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 30p. |
25. |
Malanowski A.♦, Rostocki A.J.♦, Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Kościesza R.♦, Tarakowski R.♦, Ptasznik S.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Viscosity and compressibility of diacylglycerol under high pressure,
HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH, ISSN: 0895-7959, DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2013.775649, Vol.33, No.1, pp.178-183, 2013Streszczenie: The influence of high pressure on viscosity and compressibility of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil has been presented in this paper. The investigated DAG oil was composed of 82% of DAGs and 18% TAGs (triacylglycerols). The dynamic viscosity of DAG was investigated as a function of the pressure up to 400 MPa. The viscosity was measured by means of the surface acoustic wave method, where the acoustic waveguides were used as sensing elements. As the pressure was rising, the larger ultrasonic wave attenuation was observed, whereas amplitude decreased with the liquid viscosity augmentation. Measured changes of physical properties were most significant in the pressure range near the phase transition. Deeper understanding of DAG viscosity and compressibility changes versus pressure could shed more light on thermodynamic properties of edible oils. Słowa kluczowe: DAG viscosity, compressibility, phase transitions, transmitted and scattered light Afiliacje autorów:
Malanowski A. | - | inna afiliacja | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kościesza R. | - | inna afiliacja | Tarakowski R. | - | inna afiliacja | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
| | 25p. |
26. |
Rostocki A.J.♦, Malanowski A.♦, Tarakowski R.♦, Szlachta K.♦, Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Ptasznik S.♦, The sound velocity measurement in diacylglycerol oil under high pressure,
HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH, ISSN: 0895-7959, DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2013.769975, Vol.33, No.1, pp.172-177, 2013Streszczenie: In this article, the influence of high pressure on sound velocity at 293 K has been presented. The investigated diacylglycerol oil (DAG – [D82T18]AG) was composed of 82% DAGs and 18% triacylglycerols. The variation of sound velocity with hydrostatic pressure for DAG was evaluated up to 400 MPa. The phase transformation in DAG has been observed as a discontinuity of the dependence of sound velocity on pressure. The sound velocity during the phase transition has shown distinct increment. Also the volume changes have been measured. It has shown the rapid drop of the volume at the phase transformation pressure due to the possible crystallization of DAG oil. Słowa kluczowe: high pressure, velocity, DAG Afiliacje autorów:
Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Malanowski A. | - | inna afiliacja | Tarakowski R. | - | inna afiliacja | Szlachta K. | - | inna afiliacja | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 25p. |
27. |
Kiełczyński P., Power Amplification and Selectivity in the Cochlear Amplifier,
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0137-5075, DOI: 10.2478/aoa-2013-0010, Vol.38, No.1, pp.83-92, 2013Streszczenie: This paper presents a new model that describes the physical phenomena occurring in an individual Outer Hair Cell (OHC) in the human hearing organ (Cochlea). The new model employs the concept of parametric amplification and piezoelectricity. As a consequence, the proposed model may explain in a natural way many as yet unresolved problems about the mechanisms of: 1) power amplification, 2) nonlinearity, 3) fine tuning, or 4) high sensitivity that take place in the human hearing organ. Mathematical analysis of the model is performed. The equivalent electrical circuits of an individual OHC are established. The high selectivity of the OHC parametric amplifier is analyzed by solving the resulting Mathieu and Ince differential equations. An analytical formula for the power gain in the OHC’s parametric amplifier has been developed. The proposed model has direct physical interpretation and all its elements have their physical counterparts in the actual structure of the cochlea. The numerical values of the individual elements of the electrical equivalent circuits are consistent with the experimental physiological data. It is anticipated that the proposed new model may contribute in future improvements of human cochlear implants as well as in development of new digital audio standards. Słowa kluczowe: piezoelectricity, parametric amplification, mechanism of hearing, electroacoustic transducers Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 20p. |
28. |
Piekarski S., Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Rewekant M.♦, Computer-based simulation of plasma concentration time-profiles of drug in nonlinear two-compartment model,
COMPUTER ASSISTED METHODS IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE, ISSN: 2299-3649, Vol.20, pp.279-288, 2013Streszczenie: The main interest of pharmacokinetics is the study of the fate of drugs in the living organism. This work proposes the system of the conservation laws that describes time-dependent concentrations of a drug, after a single intravenous administration. Compared with others, the proposed model considers both free and protein-bound drug concentrations at the same time. Plasma protein binding captured in the model enters the nonlinearity arising from the Guldberg-Waage law. According to our best knowledge, the analytical solution for our system does not exist. Our model allows the calculation of the free and bound-drug protein concentrations at any time point and at any dose after single intravenous bolus dose administration. In order to compare the empirical with simulated data, a numerical approach has been proposed. On the basis of published experimental data the model validation has been carried out. The goodness of fit was satisfactory (R2 = 0.99) and the experimental and simulated AUC (area under the curve) values, as the measure of the bioavailability of drug, were similar (150 M/hxh−1). The preliminary assessment of the model credibility was positive and encouraged further studies.
Słowa kluczowe: Evolution equations, non-linear model, drug protein binding Afiliacje autorów:
Piekarski S. | - | IPPT PAN | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Rewekant M. | - | Medical University of Warsaw (PL) |
| | 4p. |
29. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Malanowski A.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Ptasznik S.♦, Investigation of high-pressure phase transitions in DAG (diacylglycerol) oil using the Bleustein–Gulyaev ultrasonic wave method,
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, ISSN: 0963-9969, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.025, Vol.49, pp.60-64, 2012Streszczenie: In this paper, phase transitions in diacylglycerol (DAG) oil are investigated by using an ultrasonic method for measuring viscosity. Viscosity of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is measured over a wide range of hydrostatic pressures up to 500 MPa, and at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C. The observed discontinuities in the viscosity versus pressure curves (isotherms) indicate phase transitions. An original ultrasonic method that uses the surface acoustic Bleustein–Gulyaev (B–G) wave was employed to measure the viscosity of DAG oil at high pressure range. This method allows for fast and reliable measurement of DAG oil viscosity along various isotherms. Moreover, the kinetics of the observed phase transformations at various temperatures was analyzed. The results of the study are a novelty, and can be helpful in evaluating the physicochemical properties of edible oils. Słowa kluczowe: Edible oils, Ultrasonic methods, Diacylglycerols, Viscosity, Phase transitions, High pressure Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Malanowski A. | - | inna afiliacja | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Ptasznik S. | - | Air Force Institute of Technology (PL) |
| | 40p. |
30. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Effect of a viscous liquid loading on Love wave propagation,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 0020-7683, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.04.030, Vol.49, No.17, pp.2314-2319, 2012Streszczenie: This paper describes a theory of surface Love waves propagating in a layered elastic waveguide loaded on its surface by a viscous (Newtonian) liquid. An analytical expression for the complex dispersion equation of Love waves has been established. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dispersion equation were separated and resulting system of nonlinear algebraic equations was solved numerically. The influence of the viscosity of liquid on the dispersion curves of phase velocity, the wave attenuation and the distribution of the Love wave amplitude is analyzed numerically. The propagation loss is produced only by the viscosity of liquids. Elastic layered waveguide is assumed to be loss-less. The numerical solutions show the dependence of the phase velocity change, the wave attenuation and the wave amplitude distribution in terms of the liquid viscosity and the wave frequency. The results of the investigations are fundamental and can be applied in the design and development of liquid viscosity sensors and biosensors, in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of materials, in geophysics and seismology. Słowa kluczowe: Love waves, Viscous liquids, Dispersion relations, Attenuation, Viscosity sensors Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 40p. |
31. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Rostocki A.J.♦, Tefelski D.B.♦, Application of SH surface acoustic waves for measuring the viscosity of liquids in function of pressure and temperature,
Ultrasonics, ISSN: 0041-624X, Vol.51, No.8, pp.921-924, 2011Streszczenie: Viscosity measurements were carried out on triolein at pressures from atmospheric up to 650 MPa and in the temperature range from 10 C to 40 C using ultrasonic measuring setup. Bleustein–Gulyaev SH surface acoustic waves waveguides were used as viscosity sensors. Additionally, pressure changes occurring during phase transition have been measured over the same temperature range. Application of ultrasonic SH surface acoustic waves in the liquid viscosity measurements at high pressure has many advantages. It enables viscosity measurement during phase transitions and in the high-pressure range where the classical viscosity measurement methods cannot operate. Measurements of phase transition kinetics and viscosity of liquids at high pressures and various temperatures (isotherms) is a novelty. The knowledge of changes in viscosity in function of pressure and temperature can help to obtain a deeper insight into thermodynamic properties of liquids. Słowa kluczowe: SH surface acoustic waves, Viscosity, High pressure, Phase transitions Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Tefelski D.B. | - | inna afiliacja |
| | 25p. |
32. |
Rostocki A.J.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Zduniak M.♦, Employment of a novel ultrasonic method to investigate high pressure phase transitions in oleic acid,
HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH, ISSN: 0895-7959, Vol.31, No.2, pp.334-338, 2011Streszczenie: In this work, the variation of sound velocity with hydrostatic pressure for oleic acid is evaluated up to 350MPa. During the measurement, we identified the phase transformation of oleic acid and the presence of the hysteresis of the dependence of sound velocity on pressure. From the performed measurements, it can be seen that the dependence of sound velocity on pressure can be used to investigate phase transformations in natural oils. Ultrasonic waves were excited and detected using piezoelectric LiNbO3(Y-36 cut) 5MHz transducers. The phase velocity of the longitudinal ultrasonicwaveswas measured using a cross-correlation method to evaluate the time of flight. Słowa kluczowe: Sound velocity, oleic acid, high pressure, phase transition Afiliacje autorów:
Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Balcerzak A. | - | IPPT PAN | Zduniak M. | - | inna afiliacja |
| | 25p. |
33. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., An inverse method for determining the elastic properties of thin layers using Love surface waves,
INVERSE PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, ISSN: 1741-5977, Vol.19, No.1, pp.31-43, 2011Streszczenie: Estimation of the mechanical and geometrical parameters of thin coatings and surface layers in materials is of great practical importance in engineering and technology. Indeed, surface properties of many vital engineering components, such as turbine blades, pistons, or bearings, directly affect longevity and safety of the modern machinery. In this article, the authors present a novel inversion procedure for simultaneous determination of thickness, shear elastic constant, and density of thin coating layers in materials. The inversion procedure is based on measurements of the dispersion curve for surface acoustic waves of the Love type. The inverse problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the appropriately designed objective function, depending on the material parameters of the coating layer, ultrasonic frequency, and the experimental data, i.e. measured phase velocity of the surface Love wave. The minimization of the objective function provides three parameters of a thin layer, i.e. its thickness, shear elastic constant, and density. The proposed inverse method was checked experimentally for different layered structures, such as copper layer on steel substrate or ceramics-on-ceramics. The agreement between the results of calculations with the proposed inversion method and the experimental data was good.
Słowa kluczowe: Inverse problems, Love surface waves, elastic constants, acoustic wave dispersion, thin layers Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
| | 20p. |
34. |
Rostocki A.J.♦, Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., An application of Love SH waves for the viscosity measurement of triglycerides at high pressures,
HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH, ISSN: 0895-7959, Vol.30, No.1, pp.88-92, 2010Streszczenie: A new ultrasonic method of viscosity measurement at a high-pressure condition has been presented. The method is based on the Love wave amplitude measurement. The same electronic setup as in the Bleustein– Gulyaev (B–G)wave method applied by the authors recently for a high-pressure measurementwas adopted. The new transducers were made of metallic materials which make them more reliable at high-pressure conditions. The method has been successfully applied for the viscosity measurement of some triglycerides at high-pressure conditions up to 1GPa. The results have been compared with the earlier results obtained using B–G waves. This comparison has shown that Love wave method sensors are more reliable than B–G wave sensors and cheaper in fabrication, although the sensitivity of Love wave sensors was lower. During the measurement, the phase transitions in the investigated liquids were observed. Słowa kluczowe: Love SH waves, viscosity, phase transitions, sensors Afiliacje autorów:
Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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35. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Determination of the elastic properties of thin layers and graded materials using generalized Love waves,
IEICE Technical Report, ISSN: 0913-5685, Vol.109, No.388, pp.117-122, 2010Streszczenie: The elastic properties of coatings and graded materials are very important in the design and evaluation for engineering purposes. It is well known that the velocity of the ultrasonic surface waves propagating in the layered structures and graded materials is strongly dependent on the elastic properties of the medium. Thus, by using an appropriate inverse algorithm, the elastic properties can be deduced from the measured phase velocity dispersion curves (dependence of velocity on frequency) of the surface wave.
In this study we applied generalized shear surface waves (i.e., generalized Love waves) to investigate the elastic parameters of the layered media and graded materials. Generalized Love waves posses only one component of the mechanical displacement what is an advantage. Due to this reason, the mathematical description of the propagation of generalized Love waves is simpler than that using Rayleigh waves.
In this article an inversion procedure for determining the elastic and geometrical parameters of thin coating layers from the measured dispersion curves of ultrasonic shear surface waves (i.e., Love waves) is presented. The inverse problem is formulated as an optimization problem with appropriately developed objective function. The objective function depends on the material parameters of the coating layer, frequency, and experimental data (phase velocity of the surface Love wave). The minimization of the objective function leads to a set of the optimum mechanical parameters of the thin layers (e.g., thickness, shear elastic constants). Good conformity between the experimental dispersion curves and those resulting from the inverse method can prove the correctness of the proposed inverse procedure. Słowa kluczowe: Inverse Problems, Love waves, elastic constants, acoustic dispersion, thin layers, graded materials Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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36. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Siegoczyński R.M.♦, Rostocki A.J.♦, New ultrasonic Bleustein-Gulyaev wave method for measuring the viscosity of liquids at high pressure,
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, ISSN: 0034-6748, Vol.79, No.2, pp.26109-0, 2008Streszczenie: In this paper, a new method for measuring the viscosity of liquids at high pressure is presented. To this end the authors have applied an ultrasonic method using the Bleustein-Gulyaev (BG) surface acoustic wave. By applying the perturbation method, we can prove that the change in the complex propagation constant of the BG wave produced by the layer of liquid loading the waveguide surface is proportional to the shear mechanical impedance of the liquid. In the article, a measuring setup employing the BG wave for the purpose of measuring the viscosity of liquids at high pressure (up to 1 GPa) is presented. The results of high-pressure viscosity measurements of triolein and castor oil are also presented. In this paper the model of a Newtonian liquid was applied. Using this new method it is also possible to measure the viscosity of liquids during the phase transition and during the decompression process hysteresis of the dependence of viscosity on pressure. Słowa kluczowe: Bleustein-Gulyaev (B-G) waves, high pressure, viscosity measurements, phase transitions Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Siegoczyński R.M. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) | Rostocki A.J. | - | Politechnika Warszawska (PL) |
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37. |
Kiełczyński P., Metody ultradźwiękowe identyfikacji własności sprężystych materiałów gradientowych,
INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA, ISSN: 0208-6247, Vol.3, pp.157-164, 2008Streszczenie: In the paper the application of the generalized shear surface waves for the determination of the elastic parameters of non-uniform Functionally Graded Materials, based on the example of steel samples subjected to the laser hardening was presented. In the article, the use of the bulk and surface ultrasonic waves for evaluation of the mechanical parameters of materials is discussed. Ultrasonic methods for investigation of the material properties are non-destructive methods. This is a main advantage of the ultrasonic methods in relation to the mechanical methods used for investigation of the mechanical properties of materials. Moreover, ultrasonic methods can be computerized. Due to this reason, ultrasonic methods can be employed directly on the production line for measuring the mechanical parameters of materials.
The importance of the shear surface waves (i.e., Love waves, and generalized shear surface waves) in the investigations of elastic parameters of Functionally Graded Materials - FGM was stressed. Energy of the shear surface waves (in contrast to the other types of waves, e.g., plate Lamb waves) is concentrated in the surface layer. The penetration depth of the shear surface waves depends on frequency. Therefore, they are very useful to determine the profiles of the mechanical properties of non-homogeneous Functionally Graded Materials.
Employing the variational method (Rayleigh quotient), the inverse method (Inverse Sturm-Liouville problem) was presented which enabled the determination of the profiles of elastic properties as a function of depth in the investigated non-homogeneous material.
By using the measured dispersion curves of the Love waves (generalized shear surface waves) and developed inverse procedure, the distributions of the elastic compliance versus depth (the distance from the surface of steel 45 exposed to laser hardening) were determined, along with the case depths in the investigated steel samples. Słowa kluczowe: Love waves, Functionally Graded Materials, elastic properties, Inverse methods, nondestructive testing Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
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38. |
Kiełczyński P., Szalewski M., Compound piezoelectric cylindrical resonators as sensors of the rheological parameters of viscoelastic media,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, ISSN: 0885-3010, DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.373, Vol.54, No.6, pp.1199-1206, 2007Streszczenie: The electro-elastic behavior of a viscoelastically loaded layered cylindrical resonator (sensor) comprising two coupled hollow cylinders is presented. The inner cylinder is a piezoelectric ceramic tube. The outer cylinder is a non-piezoelectric (passive) metallic cylinder. An analytical formula for the electrical admittance of a compound layered cylindrical resonator loaded with a viscoelastic liquid is established. Admittance (conductance) diagrams were obtained using a continuum electromechanical model. The established analytical formulas enable the determination of the influence of the liquid viscosity, material, and geometrical parameters of a compound cylindrical resonator on the response characteristics of the compound sensor. In the paper, the sensor implications resulting from the performed analysis are described. Moreover, the algorithm of the method developed by the authors to evaluate the rheological parameters of a viscoelastic liquid is presented. Good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data is shown. The analysis presented in this paper can be utilized for the design and construction of cylindrical piezoelectric viscosity sensors, annular accelerometers, filters, transducers, and multilayer resonators. Słowa kluczowe: Compound piezoelectric resonators, admittance diagrams, viscosity measurements, sensors of rheological parameters Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN | Szalewski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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39. |
Kiełczyński P., Pajewski W., Szalewski M., Balcerzak A., Measurement of the shear storage modulus and viscosity of liquids using the Bleustein–Gulyaev wave,
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, ISSN: 0034-6748, DOI: 10.1063/1.1765760, Vol.75, No.7, pp.2362-2367, 2004 | |
40. |
Kiełczyński P., The Analog of the Kanazawa-Gordon Formula for Cylindrical Resonators,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, ISSN: 0885-3010, DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1367474, Vol.51, No.11, pp.1367-1372, 2004Streszczenie: In this paper, a formula relating the shift in the resonant frequency of a shear piezoceramic cylindrical resonator to the viscosity of a Newtonian liquid that loads the resonator surface was established. This formula is analogous to the classical Kanazawa-Gordon formula that describes the change in the resonant frequency of a shear planar resonator loaded with a Newtonian liquid. To this end, the author applied the perturbation method to analyze the behavior of the piezoceramic cylindrical resonators vibrating in a shear mode and loaded with a viscous liquid. The shift in resonant frequency obtained using the perturbation method (mechanical model) was compared to an exact value of the shift in resonant frequency obtained from the complete electromechanical model (admittance diagrams) that describes shear vibrations of a piezoceramic cylindrical resonator loaded with a viscous liquid. Good conformity between the two types of results obtained can prove the correctness of the analytical formulas established in this paper. The results of this work can be applied for the design and construction of viscosity sensors. Słowa kluczowe: Viscosity, Resonant frequency, Perturbation methods, Elasticity, Piezoelectric materials, Admittance, Surface acoustic waves, Vibrations, Surface impedance, Resonance Afiliacje autorów:
Kiełczyński P. | - | IPPT PAN |
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41. |
Kiełczyński P., Pola akustyczne przetworników i układów ultradźwiękowych o niejednorodnym rozkładzie amplitudy drgań na powierzchni (Praca habilitacyjna),
Prace IPPT - IFTR Reports, ISSN: 2299-3657, No.5, pp.1-72, 1996 | |