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Abstract:
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a composite made of superparamagnetic iron oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (SPION/HAp) with a well-developed surface for loading anticancer drugs and for use in magnetic hyperthermia and local chemotherapy. The proposed material was obtained by an easy one-pot co-precipitation method with a controlled ratio of SPION to HAp. The morphology was studied by SEM and TEM, indicating rod-like structures for high HAp content in the composite and granule-like structures with increasing SPION. Its crystallinity, elemental composition, and functional groups were determined by X-ray diffraction, EDS, and FT-IR, respectively. The nanocomposite was then stabilized with citrates (CA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and folic acid (FA) as agents to improve intracellular absorption, while turbidimetric studies confirmed that only citrates effectively stabilized the magnetic carriers to form a colloidal suspension. Subsequently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was loaded into the magnetic carriers and tested in vitro using the L-929 cell line. The studies showed no cytotoxicity of the citrate-stabilized suspension against fibroblasts and some cytotoxicity after 5-FU release. In addition to in vitro studies, the composite was also tested on biomimetic membranes made of DOPC, DOPE, cholesterol, and DOPS lipids using Langmuir trough. The results show that the resulting suspension interacts with biomimetic membranes, while magnetic hyperthermia studies confirm effective heat generation to achieve therapeutic 42–46 °C and improve drug release from magnetic carriers.

Keywords:
SPION, Hydroxyapatite, Magnetic hyperthermia, Drug delivery, 5-fluorouracil, Biomimetic membranes, Nanostructures, Cancer treatment

Keywords:
hydroxyapatite, myo-inositol, 5-fluorouracil, anticancer treatment, SKOV-3, calendula extract, Langmuir trough

Keywords:
Drug delivery, Hydroxyapatite, Anticancer, 5-fluorouracil, Curcuminoids, Nanocomposite

Abstract:
Commendable efforts have been gingered towards the fight against cancer. Nevertheless, it remains a major public health concern due to its predominant cause of death globally. Given this, we synthesized two different nanoparticles, Sr2+ and Gd3+ doped magnetite for magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery application. Based on the characterization, the diffractogram shows that only one phase related to magnetite with a crystallite size of 10 nm was formed. TEM images revealed nanoparticles of spherical shapes of approximately 12 nm. There is no difference in magnetic saturation of the as-received synthesized samples (Fe3O4@Sr and Fe3O4@Gd), while the BET-specific surface area of Fe3O4@Gd is 8 m2 g−1 higher than Fe3O4@Sr. The heat generation in alternating magnetic field (the magnetic hyperthermia) of Fe3O4@Sr functionalized with citric acid and loaded with 5- fluorouracil (Fe3O4@Sr@CA@5-flu) is slower than Fe3O4@Gd@CA@5-flu. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of Fe3O4@Gd@CA@5-flu, 112.0 ± 10.4 W g−1 was found to be higher than that of Fe3O4@Sr@CA@5-flu. The thermogram shows that 11% of the drug was successfully loaded on Fe3O4@Gd@CA@5-flu. The release of the antitumor drug by the synthesized nanoparticle drug carriers for ovarian cancer (SKOV-3 cells) therapy showed that more than 50% of the cancer cell’s viability was reduced after 72 h of incubation. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated a promising drug carrier for the treatment of SKOV-3 cells.

Keywords:
SPIONs, doxorubicin, epirubicin, magnetic hyperthermia, cytotoxicity, Langmuir- Blodgett technique