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Abstract:
Polymers are of great interest for medical and cosmeceutical applications. Thecurrent trend is to combine materials of natural and synthetic origin in orderto obtain products with appropriate mechanical strength and goodbiocompatibility, additionally biodegradable and bioresorbable. Citric acid,being an important metabolite, is an interesting substance for the synthesis ofmaterials for biomedical applications. Due to the high functionality of themolecule, it is commonly used in biomaterials chemistry as a crosslinkingagent. Among citric acid-based biopolyesters, poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) isthe best known. It shows application potential in soft tissue engineering. Thiswork focuses on a much less studied polyester, poly(1,3-propanediol citrate).Porous and non-porous materials based on the synthesized polyesters areprepared and characterized, including mechanical, thermal, and surfaceproperties, morphology, and degradation. The main focus is on assessing thebiocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of the materials.

Keywords:
biomaterials, cell cultures, citric acid polyesters, electrospinning

Abstract:
Biomaterials containing citric acid as a building unit show potential for use as blood vessel and skin tissue substitutes. The success in commercializing implants containing a polymer matrix of poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) provides a rationale for exploring polycitrates based on other diols. Changing the aliphatic chain length of the diol allows functional design strategies to control the implant’s mechanical properties, degradation profile and surface energy. In the present work, poly(1,2-ethanediol citrate) was synthesized and used as an additive to polylactide in the electrospinning process. It was established that the content of polycitrate greatly influences the nonwovens’ properties: an equal mass ratio of polymers resulted in the best morphology. The obtained nonwovens were characterized by surface hydrophilicity, tensile strength, and thermal properties. L929 cell cultures were carried out on their surface. The materials were found to be non-cytotoxic and the degree of porosity was suitable for cell colonization. On the basis of the most important parameters for assessing the condition of cultured cells (cell density and viability, cell metabolic activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity), the potential of PLLA + PECit nonwovens for application in tissue engineering was established.

Abstract:
Electrospinning is a process that has attracted significant interest in recent years. It provides the opportunity to produce nanofibers that mimic the extracellular matrix. As a result, it is possible to use the nonwovens as scaffolds characterized by high cellular adhesion. This work focused on the synthesis of poly(glycerol itaconate) (PGItc) and preparation of nonwovens based on PGItc gels and polylactide. PGItc gels were synthesized by a reaction between itaconic anhydride and glycerol. The use of a mixture of PGItc and PLA allowed us to obtain a material with different properties than with stand-alone polymers. In this study, we present the influence of the chosen ratios of polymers and the OH/COOH ratio in the synthesized PGItc on the properties of the obtained materials. The addition of PGItc results in hydrophilization of the nonwovens’ surface without disrupting the high porosity of the fibrous structure. Spectral and thermal analyzes are presented, along with SEM imagining. The preliminary cytotoxicity research showed that nonwovens were non-cytotoxic materials. It also helped to pre-determine the potential application of PGItc + PLA nonwovens as subcutaneous tissue fillers or drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
poly(glycerol itaconate), polylactide, electrospinning, tissue engineering, hydrogels