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Abstract:
A novel metal matrix composites (MMC) with Mg matrix reinforced with natural filler in the form of Didymosphenia geminata frustules (algae with distinctive siliceous shells) are presented in this work. Pulse plasma sintering (PPS) was used to manufacture Mg-based composites with 1, 5 and 10 vol.% ceramic filler. As a reference, pure Mg was sintered. The results show that the addition of 1 vol.% Didymosphenia geminata frustules to the Mg matrix increases its corrosion resistance by supporting passivation reactions, and do not affect the morphology of L929 fibroblasts. Addition of 5 vol.% the filler does not cause cytotoxic effects, but it supports microgalvanic reactions leading to the greater corrosion rate. Higher content than 5 vol.% the filler causes significant microgalvanic corrosion, as well as increases cytotoxicity due to the greater micro-galvanic effect of the composites containing 10 and 15 vol.% diatoms. The results of contact angle measurements show the hydrophilic character of the investigated materials, with slightly increase in numerical values with addition of amount of ceramic reinforcement. The addition of Didymosphenia geminata frustules causes changes in a thermo-elastic properties such as mean apparent value of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity (λ). The addition of siliceous reinforcement resulted in a linear decrease of CTE and reduction in thermal conductivity over the entire temperature range. With the increasing addition of Didymosphenia geminata frustules, an increase in strength with a decrease in compressive strain is observed. In all composites an increase in microhardness was attained.
The results clearly indicate that filler in the form of Didymosphenia geminata frustules may significantly change the most important properties of pure Mg, indicating its wide potential in the application of Mg-based composites with a special focus on biomedical use.

Keywords:
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs),Pulse plasma sintering (PPS),Ceramic filler,Microstructure,Properties

Abstract:
The quasi-static and high strain rate compressive behavior of Gum Metal with composition Ti-36Nb-2Ta-3Zr-0.3O (wt pct) has been investigated using an electromechanical testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. The stress–strain curves obtained for Gum Metal tested under monotonic and dynamic loadings revealed a strain-softening effect which intensified with increasing strain rate. Moreover, the plastic flow stress was observed to increase for both static and dynamic loading conditions with increasing strain rate. The microstructural characterization of the tested Gum Metal specimens showed particular deformation mechanisms regulating the phenomena of strain hardening and strain softening, namely an adiabatic shear band formed at ~ 45 deg with respect to the loading direction as well as widely spaced deformation bands (kink bands). Dislocations within the channels intersecting with twins may cause strain hardening while recrystallized grains and kink bands with crystal rotation inside the grains may lead to strain softening. A constitutive description of the compressive behavior of Gum Metal was proposed using a modified Johnson–Cook model. Good agreement between the experimental and the numerical data obtained in the work was achieved.

Abstract:
This paper focuses on the experimental determination of the distribution of material, lattice and plastic rotation during deformation of crystalline aggregate. The proposed methodology uses standard electron backscattering diffraction technique combined with 3D digital image correlation data. The presented approach is used for analysis of rotations during deformation of aluminium multicrystal.

Keywords:
image analysis, electron backscattering diffraction, plastic deformation, misorientation, plastic rotation

Abstract:
The results of synthesis of the fluorescent carbon dots (CDots) from graphite target and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles performed by the nanosecond laser ablation in polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) are shown. Two-step laser irradiation (first graphite target, next achieved suspension) revealed a very effective production of CDots. However, the ablation in PEG appeared to be effective with 1064 nm laser pulse in contrast to the ablation with 355 nm laser pulse. In the case of rGO nanoparticles similar laser irradiation procedure was less efficient. In both cases, received nanoparticles exhibited strong, broadband photoluminescence with a maximum dependent on the excitation wavelength. The size distribution for obtained CDots was evaluated using the DLS technique and HRTEM images. The results from both methods show quite good agreement in nanoparticle size estimation although the DLS method slightly overestimates nanoparticle's diameter

Keywords:
image analysis, plastic deformation, misorientation, plastic rotation